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Pharmacology > Behavior Modifying Drugs > Flashcards

Behavior Modifying Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs should be a first choice for what type of disorders

A

Anxiety related

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2
Q

NE and noradrenergic neurons affect

A

Locus coeruleus area of brainstem

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3
Q

Dopamine & dopaminergic neurons affect

A

Ventral tegmental area of midbrain

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4
Q

Serotonin & serotonergic nuclei affect

A

Raphe nucleus of brainstek

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5
Q

ACh is

A

Muscarinic blockade

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6
Q

GABA assc w/

A

GABA a receptor and allosteric modulators

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7
Q

Antispychotic drug examples (3)

A
  • acepromazine
  • prolixin ( acepromazine for horses)
  • phenothiazine
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8
Q

MOA for antipsychotics

A

Blocks D2 dopamine receptors

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9
Q

Are antipsychotics registered in vet med

A

Yes, but extra-label for behavioral issues

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10
Q

3 classes of anxiolytics w/ examples

A
  • benzodiazepines (diazepam)
  • azapirones (buspirone)
  • nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics (zaleplon)
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11
Q

MOA of benzodiazepines

A
  • +ve allosteric modulator of GABA-alpha receptor
  • binds to benzodiazepine site on GABA-alpha receptor
  • enhances action of GABA (Cl influx)
  • inhibits release of monoamine NTs in CNS
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12
Q

Clinical uses of benzodiazepines in dogs

A
  • Fears, phobias, generalized anxiety
  • can combine w/ TCA
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13
Q

Benzodiazepine use in cats

A

Urine spraying, travel, generalized anxiety (like home changes)

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14
Q

Examples of benzodiazepine drugs (5)

A
  • diazepam
  • alprazolam
  • clorazepate
  • lorazepam
  • oxazepam
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15
Q

Benzodiazepines usually have what endings?

A
  • “pam”
  • “pate”
  • “lam”
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16
Q

Side effects of benzodiazepines

A
  • Rare in cats, HEPATIC NECROSIS
  • sedation, ataxia, muscle relax, increased appetite, paradoxal excitation, memory deficits
  • disinhibition: hostility, aggression, rage, paroxysmal excitement, irritability, behavioral dis control
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17
Q

Benzodiazepines are a caution in what animals

A

K9s

18
Q

How to avoid dependence on benzodiazepines

A

Tapering BZD dose 25% per week for a month

19
Q

Are benzodiazepines good for long term use in dogs?

A

No

20
Q

Main drug in tranquilizer class

A

Acepromazine

21
Q

Uses of tranqulizers

A
  • sedation/restraint
22
Q

Side effects of tranquilizers

A
  • hypotension
  • CNS stimulation
  • contradictory responses
23
Q

Administration method for diazepam

A

IV

24
Q

What drug has high hepatic clearance in k9s

A

Diazepam

25
Q

Type of azapirone

A

Buspirone

26
Q

Azapirone pros

A
  • few side effects
  • no disinhibition
  • no dependence
  • few drug interactions
27
Q

Uses of buspirone in K9s and cats

A
  • K9: generalized anxiety
  • cats: modulate high arousal (urine spraying), anxiety
28
Q

Buspirone is a full agonist at

A

Pre synaptic 5HT1A receptors causing serotonin release and synth

29
Q

Time for Benzodiazepines to take effect

A

Weeks

30
Q

3 nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics

A
  • zaleplon
  • eszopiclone
  • zolpidem
31
Q

Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics

A
  • rapid effect
  • short duration
  • used to treat acute onset and severe thunderstorm phobia and separation anxiety
32
Q

4 classes of antidepressants

A
  • TCAs
  • SSRIs
  • MAOIs
  • atypical antidepressants
33
Q

Clomipramine is a

A

TCA antidepressant

34
Q

Fluoxetine is a

A

SSRI antidepressant

35
Q

Selegiline is a

A

MAOI antidepressant

36
Q

Trazodone is an

A

Atypical antidepressant

37
Q

MOA of TCAs

A

Inhibit serotonin and NE reuptake

38
Q

Onset of action for TCAs

A
  • slow
  • 2 to 4 wks
39
Q

Clinical use of TCAs in k9

A

Aggression, compulsive disorders, anxiety states

40
Q

Clinical use of TCAs in cats

A

Aggression, urine spraying, excessive grooming, anxiety states, excessive vocalization

41
Q

TCA side effects

A
  • mild sedation & vomiting (anti-histamine)
  • dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention (anti-cholinergic)

-lowers seizure threshold and potentiates seizures in predisposed animals

42
Q

Overdose of TCAs

A
  • fatal cardiac arrhythmias
  • treat promptly
  • monitor ecg & bp
  • gastric lavage, activated charcoal, cathartics

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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