Anticonvulsant/Antiepileptic Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Convulsion definition
A
Abnormal & sudden attack of involuntary muscular contractions & relaxations (motor activity)
2
Q
Seizure definition & 2 examples
A
Abnormal CNS electrical activity
- neurologic dysf. episodes due to abnormal/excessive synch. Activity of neurons
- alterations of consciousness & abnormal motor activity
3
Q
Epilepsy
A
- group of recurrent CNS disorders w/ paroxysmal cerebral dysarrythmia (seizures, convulsions)
- at least 2 unprov. Seizures
- usually accompanied w/ sudden loss of consciousness
4
Q
Intracranial epilepsy causes
A
Neoplasm, inflammation, hydrocephalus, malformation, trauma
5
Q
Extracranial epilepsy causes
A
- hepatic/renal failure
- hypoxia
- toxicity
- hypoglycemia
- hypocalcemia
6
Q
Seizures in K9s
A
- higher incidence in belgian shepherd
- inherited
- affects .5-6% dogs
7
Q
4 types of seizures in vet med
A
- status epilepticus
- cluster seizures
- jacksonian seizures
- tonic-clonic (grand mal)
8
Q
Status spilepticus
A
- lasts >15 mins
- collection of discrete seizures w/o consciousness
9
Q
Cluster seizures
A
- 2 or more seizures in short pd. Of time
- patient regains consciousness between seizures
10
Q
Jacksonian seizures
A
- partial seizure
- starts in one muscle group->spreads to adjacent groups in same limb-> ipsilateral limb
11
Q
Tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures
A
- violent muscle contractions
- loss of consciousness
12
Q
4 reasons to start drug therapy for seizures
A
- seizures >3 mins
- see cluster seizures
- more than 1 per month
13
Q
What 2 types of drug categories enhance GABA inhibition
A
- barbiturates
- benzodiazepines
14
Q
2 main types of barbiturates
A
- phenobarbital (luminal)
- primidone (mysoline)
15
Q
3 main types of benzodiazepines
A
- diazepam (valium)
- clonazepam (klonopin)
- clorazepate (transxene-SD)
16
Q
List 6 most commonly used anticonvulsants
A
Phenobarbital, bromide, diazepam, zonisamide, levetiracetam, gabapentin
