On 某物在另一物上方，且兩者有接觸 Over 1. 某物在另一物的垂直正上方，但兩者沒有接觸 2. 某物在上方移動而越過另一物 3. 某物在上方覆蓋、遮蔽、壟罩住另一物 Above 1. 某物高於另一物，不一定位於垂直正上方，且兩者沒有接觸 2. 指某種抽象的標準、程度、水平高於、在…之上 3. 指上述的、前面有提過的

Distinction Flashcards by Ming-Chien Sung

reward
vs.
award

# reward (n)
something given in exchange for good behaviour or good work, etc.
報答；報償；酬謝；獎賞

award (n)
a prize or an amount of money that is given to someone following an official decision
獎；獎項；獎金；獎品

award (vt)
to give money or a prize following an official decision
給予，授予；判給，裁定

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odd

even

奇數

偶數

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Pity

PitySympathy

Empathy

Compassion

四者都有同情/憐憫的意味

Pity: 對弱勢者的同情憐憫

Sympathy: 對別人遭遇感受上的同情

Empathy: 對有同樣遭遇的人的同理感受 / 移情

Compassion: 不只同情別人的遭受更加上想要積極有所作為幫助對方的成分

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Fast

Rapid

Quick

Fast : 人或事物的移動動作速度快

Rapid: 成長/增長速度很快、有時帶點突然的意思。

Quick：通常指時間上的快(短)，有時帶點匆忙

♦ Fast 常接的字
train, car, swimmer, runner, reader, food
(火車，汽車，游泳者，跑步運動家，閱讀者，速食)

♦ rapid 常接的字
recovery, growth, decline, progress, change, response (復原，成長，衰落，進行，改變，回應)

♦ quick 常接的字
look, glance, reply, fix, - witted, thinking, mind, decision, word, journey,
(看，瞄，回應，修理，機智，思想，智力 / 腦力，決定，字/ 話，行程 / 旅途)

☆ 不要混淆fast 和quick的習慣用語：
fast food：指 速食品；
quick meal：指 簡餐、輕食； 
grab a quick bite：指 隨便吃點東西。
上面三個習慣用語通常不用其它的 '快' 字來取代。

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singular

plural

/ˈsɪŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/
a.單數的 n.單數

/ˈplʊr.əl/ (pro歐連音)
a.複數的 n.複數

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clue

cue

clue
/kluː/
線索/跡象/提示
a sign or some information which helps you to find the answer to a problem, question or mystery

cue
/kjuː/
暗示/信號
a signal for someone to do something

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explicit

implicit

explicit
/ɪksplɪs.ɪt/
› clear and exact
清楚明白的；明確的；不含糊的

implicit
/ɪmplɪs.ɪt/
› suggested but not communicated directly
不明言的，含蓄的

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conscious

unconscious

conscious
/kɒn.tʃəs/
to notice that a particular thing or person exists or is present
意識到的；察覺到的；感覺到的

unconscious
/ʌnkɒn.tʃəs/
An unconscious thought or feeling is one that you do not know you have
（想法或感情）無意識的，潛意識的

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unprecedented

unpresidented (川普造字XD)

unprecedented 
/ʌnˈpres.ə.den.t̬ɪd/

president
/ˈprez.ɪ.dənt/

never having happened or existed in the past
史無前例的，空前的；絕無僅有的

This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale.
環境在本世紀遭到了空前的破壞。

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pleasure

pressure

pleasure
/ˈpleʒ.ɚ/
愉快，歡樂；滿意；欣慰；樂事

pressure
/ˈpreʃ.ɚ/
壓力

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able 結尾

- ible 結尾

[意義]
兩者相同皆為 ‘able to’ 或 ‘fit for’…..

[差異]
字源不同
從 Latin origin 來的字會用 -ible
後來比較新造的字都是用 -able

[數量]

able 結尾的字約有900個 (多)
ible 結尾的字少於200個 (少)

[分辨訣竅]
如果拿掉結尾部分還會是完整的一個單字
那麼其結尾很可能就是 -able
例如: readable => read 還是一個單字

反之其結尾很可能就是 -ible
例如: visible => vis 不是一個單字

不過這規則仍然有例外，例如:
accessible
contemptible 
digestible
flexible
suggestible

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missed

missing

Imagine you have a sword.

one day you can’t see the sword and you don’t know where it’s gone, meaning it’s absent.
you can say => “The sword is missing”,

one day you gave it to someone, or you got rid of it,
the point being you know where it’s gone and you don’t have it. You see a snake in your lounge and you wish you had your sword to cut its head but you don’t have the sword on hand => “the sword is missed” (passive).

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each

every

Each => 強調總體中的個體

Every => 泛指總體裡的每一個個體

The pineapples are 2 dollars each.
鳳梨一個兩塊美元。
【在此強調每一個個體（鳳梨）】

Every student needs to abide by school regulations.
每一位學生都必須遵守校規。
【在此泛指總體當中的每一個個體（每一位學生）。】

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廁所的說法

bathroom

restroom

washroom

toilet

lavatory

PS: 上大號 Take a dump

◆ bathroom
◇ 一般說法, 常指家裡的廁所

◆ restroom
◇ 外面的公廁

◆ washroom
◇ 常指外面的公廁

◆ toilet
◇ 除了指馬桶本身外, 也可指廁所

◆ lavatory 或 lav
◇ 飛機上面的廁所通常都用這個字

◆ privy
◇ 與 private (隱私) 這個字有關, 指的是室外的廁所

◆ can
◇ 俚語的說法

◆ john
◇ 俚語的說法

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over

above

On
某物在另一物上方，且兩者有接觸

Over

某物在另一物的垂直正上方，但兩者沒有接觸
某物在上方移動而越過另一物
某物在上方覆蓋、遮蔽、壟罩住另一物

Above

某物高於另一物，不一定位於垂直正上方，且兩者沒有接觸
指某種抽象的標準、程度、水平高於、在…之上
指上述的、前面有提過的

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verb

noun

pronoun

adjective

adverb

conjunction

preposition

interjection

verb
/vɝːb/ 動詞

noun
/naʊn/ 名詞

pronoun
/ˈproʊ.naʊn/ 代名詞 ( He / She / it…)

adjective
/ˈædʒ.ek.tɪv/ 形容詞

adverb
/ˈæd.vɝːb/ 副詞

conjunction
/kənˈdʒʌŋk.ʃən/ 連接詞

preposition
/ˌprep.əˈzɪʃ.ən/ 介係詞

interjection
/ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈdʒek.ʃən/ 感嘆詞 (Oh / Hey / Wow)

imitate

mimic

imitate
模仿

mimic
(為了逗樂)而模仿人的聲音或行為

colleague

college

colleague
/ˈkɑː.liːɡ/

one of a group of people who work together
同事；同僚

college
/ˈkɑː.lɪdʒ/

a university where you can study for an undergraduate (= first) degree
（大學）校園，校區

any place for specialized education after the age of 16 where people study or train to get knowledge and/or skills
學院；職業學校；技術學校；高等專科學校

one of the separate and named parts into which some universities are divided
（大學的）學院，分院

a group of people with a particular job, purpose, duty, or power who are organized into a group for sharing ideas, making decisions, etc.
學會，社團，協會

Come

Calm

come
/kʌm/

Calm
/kɑːm/

degrees Celsius 攝氏溫度

degrees Fahrenheit 華氏溫度

Celsius
/’sel.si.əs/

Fahrenheit
/’fær.ən.haɪt/

Are the temperatures given in Celsius or Fahrenheit溫度是用攝氏溫度還是華氏溫度標出的？

34°C正確念法為
thirty-four degrees Celsius

Scene

Scenery

Scene
某個事件發生的場景
像犯罪現場叫crime scene

scenery
是「風景」或「景色」

smart

clever

clever
/ˈklev.ɚ/

兩者都指聰明的

但clever帶有一點投機/小聰明的感覺
所以在稱讚別人努力成功的場合下
不要用clever

scooter

motorcycle

scooter
/skuː.t̬ɚ/
小型摩托車(台灣常見)

motorcycle
重型摩托車

make

have

do 強調的是做的過程

make 說明做的動作，持續時間較短

have 說明做的動作，持續時間較長

Do著重過程：
He is doing some thinking.（他在思考。）
do the housework（做家事）
do my homework（做功課）
do business（做生意）
do exercises（做運動）
do the laundry（洗衣服）

Make講究結果：
He has made a decision.（他己經做了決定。）
make coffee（煮咖啡）
make a promise（做承諾）
make enemies（樹敵）
make a difference（改變、有影響）
make it a rule（養成習慣）

Make時間短：
make a copy（影印）
make a bed（鋪床）
make a call（打電話）

Have時間長：
have a dream（做夢）
have a long conversation（談了很久）
have a meeting（開會）
have one's birthday（慶生）