Dissection 10 Flashcards
What are the layers of the scalp?
Skin Dense CT Galea Aponeurotica Loose CT Pericranium
The mobility of the scalp is caused by?
The first 3 layers moving over the loose CT
Where are the blood vessels of the scalp found?
The dense subcutaneous layer
What are somites?
masses of preaxial mesoderm that form skeletal muscle
Where did the thyroid gland originate from?
From the floor of the developing tongue and descends inferiorly
What does the pharyngeal cleft become?
The external auditory meatus
What structure forms from the 1st pharyngeal pouch?
The Tympanic or middle ear and the auditory tube
What structure/s are formed from the 2nd pharyngeal pouch?
The fossa for the palatine tonsil
What structure/s are formed from the 3rd pharyngeal pouch?
Inferior parathyroid gland and the thymus
What structure/s are formed from the 4th pharyngeal pouch?
Superior parathyroid gland
What structure/s are formed from the 5th pharyngeal pouch?
The ultimobranchial body (calcitonin cells of the thyroid)
Cranial Nerve III is derived from?
Preotic somites
CN IV is derived from?
Preotic somites
CN V is derived from?
Branchial Arch 1
CN VI is derived from?
Preotic Somites
CN VII is derived from?
Branchial Arch 2
CN IX is derived from?
Branchial Arch 3
CN X is derived from?
Branchial Arch 4 and 6
CN XII is derived from?
Postotic somites
Where are the cranial parasympathetics located?
The visceromotor column
What presynaptic parasympathetics innervate the head?
CN III, VII, and IX
The presynaptic fibers synapse in what ganglia in the head?
Otic, Ciliary, Pterygopalatine, and submandibular ganglia
The postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers follow what to reach their targets?
CN V
sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies for the head and neck are located where?
the lateral horn at the spinal cord levels T1-T5
What are the two bellies of the epicranius muscle?
The frontalis and the occipitallis
What muscle raises the eyebrows?
The frontalis
What is the function of the orbicularis oculi
Important for protection and keeps the eyelids against the eyeball to facilitate the spread of tears; wink
What are the functions of the orbicularis oris?
Eating, emotion, and phonation; purses lips
What is the function of the buccinator?
compresses the checks during whistling, sucking, and chewing
The branchiomotor branch of CN VII exits via what?
The stylomastoid foramen
What are the branches of the branchiomotor portion CN VII?
Temporalis, Zygomatic, Buccal, Marginal Mandibular, and Cervical
What does the Temporalis nerve innervate?
The frontalis
What does the zygomatic nerve innervate?
The orbicularis occuli
What does the buccal nerve innervate?
The buccinators and the orbicular oris
What does the Marginal Mandibular nerve innervate?
The orbicularis oris
What does the Cervical nerve innervate?
The platysma
What does the stapedius nerve innervate?
middle ear
What does the Posterior auricular nerve innervate?
The muscles behind the ear
The parotid duct opens where?
in the mouth near the second upper molar
What innervates the parotid gland?
The parasympathetic fibers of CN IX, sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion, and sensory fibers from CN V
What does the deep cervical fascia contain?
The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
What does the prevertebral fascia contain?
The prevertebral muscles
What does the pretracheal fascia contain?
Thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus
What does the Carotid Sheath contain?
the common carotid artery, the internal jugular vein, and the vagus nerve
What makes up the borders of the retropharyngeal space?
The prevertebral, pretracheal, and carotid sheath
What makes up the anterior cervical triangle?
The mandible, midline of the neck, and the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
What are the suprahyoid muscles?
Digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid and geniohyoid
What passes through the anterior and middle scalene muscles?
The brachial plexus and the subclavian artery
What crosses over the anterior scalene?
The phrenic nerve
The superior limb of the ansa cervicalis travels with what?
The hypoglossal nerve
What do the Jugulodigastric lymph nodes drain?
The tongue and palatine tonsil
What vessels lie in the anterior cervical triangle?
The internal carotid and the jugular vein
What vessels lie in the posterior cervical triangle?
Spinal accessory
The ansa cervicalus has what kind of nerve fibers?
somatomotor
What do the 4 parasympathetic ganglia in the head derive from?
Neural crest cells
which branchial arch lacks endoderm?
1
How do sympathetic postganglionic axons reach their targets in the head?
by following the external and internal carotid arteries
