Dispotional Mindfulness Flashcards
What is dispositional personality trait and dispositional mindfulness?
Dispositional Personality trait: Stable reaction and interaction with the environment
Dispositional Mindfulness: The degree of mindfulness displayed without training
How do Constructivist schools account for dispositional mindfulness
Buddhist: Abhidamma contains Puggalapanatti: stating there are degrees of mindfulness
And practice to cultivate it.
Therveda: also based on Abhiddamma, you must start with something in order to cultivate it.
-It is a starting point, a capacity to develop mindfulness, but not the end result
How do Innatist schools account for dispositional mindfulness?
Non-dual mindfulness is our uncovered state and so cannot be degrees of deposition, just degrees of ignorance.
How does Buddhism texts conceptualise Dispositional mindfulness in general?
It is not a trait, but a practice needing 4 phases.
Mindfulness is distinctly different to normal mind modes
Need to practice this way of thinking to manifest consistently
How does western psychology conceptualise Dispositional mindfulness?
It is a relatively stable trait
It is an umbrella term
Measures of mindfulness change depending on outcome or researcher
What are the needs for Dispositional mindfulness measures?
1: To assess progress of mindfulness interventions
2: To assess mindfulness practices
3: To understand mechanisms of change
4: To quantify change in meditation naive and mediation practicing individuals
5: To understand interplay with other personality traits known to be risk factors
What should all questionnaires have to exhibit?
Validity and reliability
What is construct validity?
Measures how well a measure can detect the concept you are interested in.
Convergent: Agress with other known measures
Discriminant: Disagrees with things that should not be related are not
Ideally you show both
What is content validity?
Do the items of the test measure the correct thing and all the aspects of it?
Which two questionnaires were developed to measure mindfulness in meditation experienced subjects?
Friedburg Mindfulness Inventory
Toronto Mindfulness Scale
Which questionnaires assume the general population understand and can access mindfulness?
MAAS
KIMS
What questionnaires do Five Facet Mindfulness Scale include?
MAAS
FMI
KIMS
KAMS
SMQ
How was MAAS designed and validated?
313 Students
15 Questions (95% of variance)
Purported to measure open and receptive awareness of and attention to what is taking place
Good construct validity and test-retest
,but content validity criticised:
As absence of mindlessness is not the same as mindfulness
Self reporting: how unaware you are in problematic
In what ways have MAAS been shown to be useful?
1: Able to predict well-being in BDI-ii when reporting memory issues
2: Mediate relationship between neurtosicm and depression
What did the twin study of Waszcuk find?
That trait mindfulness is 32%
Envrionemtal factors are thus twice as much
Depression and anxiety heritibilty is linked to mindlessness
MAAS was able to show independent influences on scores and depression and anxiety. Mindfulness can be trained and prevent depression and anxiety
What item did Brown and Ryan reject in MAAS?
Acceptance as they concluded it had limited incremental validity.
Problem: Acceptance may be more powerful than awareness
What are two populations that show surprising similarities in MAAS scores?
Meditators and Non-Meditators
Thai and USA students
Answer:
Either it shows that mindfulness is a generalisable individual factor
It does not measure mindfulness the buddhist context
What did Baer et al find?
When measuring 5 questionnaires they found:
Significant, but moderate significant correlation.
Differing correlation in terms of other constructs.
Conclusion: They are measuring differing facets
If you could use factor analysis each you could construct a new questionnaire
What were the facets that Baer found?
Non-reactivity
Observing
Acting with awareness
Describing
Non-judging
What did Baer’s follow up study testing these facets yield?
That observe did not fit the model
Potentially as you need to Non-judgementally observe not simply observe to avoid neuroticism.
Therefore we see observe’s coefficient is the lowest of all facets.
A potential may be to insist practitioners score highly on both
What did Baer find when checking the facets against known constructs?
Observe scored the lowest
Non-judgment scored the highest and showed most promising in psychopathogical symptoms.
What are the concerns with the construct validity with FFMQ?
FMI is the main component of acting with awareness.
It was originally designed for those with meditation experience
Not an issue if all have access to mindfulness
Where can we see some issues with FFMQ?
In binge drinkers vs Mindfulness practitioners
Non-meditators vs meditators - Van Dam
Scores for FFMQ can arise from very different answers
Why is the “describe facet” a contentious one for mindfulness?
Although used in DBT, buddhist teaching refer to counting or noting only as an option when one is struggling and not an ideal practice.
What are the issues Grossman and Van Dam point out for mindfulness questionnaires?
Accessibility doesn’t necessarily mean they will endorse them
The Value of the ideas may play a role
Unconscious or conscious bias may impact answer
Aspiration over actual achievement may play a role
