Dispotional Mindfulness

Question 1

What is dispositional personality trait and dispositional mindfulness?

Answer 1

Dispositional Personality trait: Stable reaction and interaction with the environment

Dispositional Mindfulness: The degree of mindfulness displayed without training

Question 2

How do Constructivist schools account for dispositional mindfulness

Answer 2

Buddhist: Abhidamma contains Puggalapanatti: stating there are degrees of mindfulness

And practice to cultivate it.

Therveda: also based on Abhiddamma, you must start with something in order to cultivate it.
-It is a starting point, a capacity to develop mindfulness, but not the end result

Question 3

How do Innatist schools account for dispositional mindfulness?

Answer 3

Non-dual mindfulness is our uncovered state and so cannot be degrees of deposition, just degrees of ignorance.

Question 4

How does Buddhism texts conceptualise Dispositional mindfulness in general?

Answer 4

It is not a trait, but a practice needing 4 phases.

Mindfulness is distinctly different to normal mind modes

Need to practice this way of thinking to manifest consistently

Question 5

How does western psychology conceptualise Dispositional mindfulness?

Answer 5

It is a relatively stable trait

It is an umbrella term

Measures of mindfulness change depending on outcome or researcher

Question 6

What are the needs for Dispositional mindfulness measures?

Answer 6

1: To assess progress of mindfulness interventions
2: To assess mindfulness practices
3: To understand mechanisms of change
4: To quantify change in meditation naive and mediation practicing individuals
5: To understand interplay with other personality traits known to be risk factors

Question 7

What should all questionnaires have to exhibit?

Answer 7

Validity and reliability

Question 8

What is construct validity?

Answer 8

Measures how well a measure can detect the concept you are interested in.

Convergent: Agress with other known measures

Discriminant: Disagrees with things that should not be related are not

Ideally you show both

Question 9

What is content validity?

Answer 9

Do the items of the test measure the correct thing and all the aspects of it?

Question 10

Which two questionnaires were developed to measure mindfulness in meditation experienced subjects?

Answer 10

Friedburg Mindfulness Inventory

Toronto Mindfulness Scale

Question 11

Which questionnaires assume the general population understand and can access mindfulness?

Answer 11

MAAS

KIMS

Question 12

What questionnaires do Five Facet Mindfulness Scale include?

Answer 12

MAAS

FMI

KIMS

KAMS

SMQ

Question 13

How was MAAS designed and validated?

Answer 13

313 Students

15 Questions (95% of variance)

Purported to measure open and receptive awareness of and attention to what is taking place

Good construct validity and test-retest

,but content validity criticised:

As absence of mindlessness is not the same as mindfulness

Self reporting: how unaware you are in problematic

Question 14

In what ways have MAAS been shown to be useful?

Answer 14

1: Able to predict well-being in BDI-ii when reporting memory issues
2: Mediate relationship between neurtosicm and depression

Question 15

What did the twin study of Waszcuk find?

Answer 15

That trait mindfulness is 32%

Envrionemtal factors are thus twice as much

Depression and anxiety heritibilty is linked to mindlessness

MAAS was able to show independent influences on scores and depression and anxiety. Mindfulness can be trained and prevent depression and anxiety

Question 16

What item did Brown and Ryan reject in MAAS?

Answer 16

Acceptance as they concluded it had limited incremental validity.

Problem: Acceptance may be more powerful than awareness

Question 17

What are two populations that show surprising similarities in MAAS scores?

Answer 17

Meditators and Non-Meditators

Thai and USA students

Answer:

Either it shows that mindfulness is a generalisable individual factor

It does not measure mindfulness the buddhist context

Question 18

What did Baer et al find?

Answer 18

When measuring 5 questionnaires they found:

Significant, but moderate significant correlation.

Differing correlation in terms of other constructs.

Conclusion: They are measuring differing facets

If you could use factor analysis each you could construct a new questionnaire

Question 19

What were the facets that Baer found?

Answer 19

Non-reactivity

Observing

Acting with awareness

Describing

Non-judging

Question 20

What did Baer’s follow up study testing these facets yield?

Answer 20

That observe did not fit the model

Potentially as you need to Non-judgementally observe not simply observe to avoid neuroticism.

Therefore we see observe’s coefficient is the lowest of all facets.

A potential may be to insist practitioners score highly on both

Question 21

What did Baer find when checking the facets against known constructs?

Answer 21

Observe scored the lowest

Non-judgment scored the highest and showed most promising in psychopathogical symptoms.

Question 22

What are the concerns with the construct validity with FFMQ?

Answer 22

FMI is the main component of acting with awareness.

It was originally designed for those with meditation experience

Not an issue if all have access to mindfulness

Question 23

Where can we see some issues with FFMQ?

Answer 23

In binge drinkers vs Mindfulness practitioners

Non-meditators vs meditators - Van Dam
Scores for FFMQ can arise from very different answers

Question 24

Why is the “describe facet” a contentious one for mindfulness?

Answer 24

Although used in DBT, buddhist teaching refer to counting or noting only as an option when one is struggling and not an ideal practice.

Question 25

What are the issues Grossman and Van Dam point out for mindfulness questionnaires?

Answer 25

Accessibility doesn’t necessarily mean they will endorse them

The Value of the ideas may play a role

Unconscious or conscious bias may impact answer

Aspiration over actual achievement may play a role