Display of Informaiton Flashcards
Static Displays
fixed and do not change (road signs)
Dynamic Displays
change over time (speedometer)
Conspicuity
how well the display attracts attention
Visibility
how well the display can be seen
Legibility
(to see/comprehend–LOOKS) the ease with which the symbols and letters present in the display can be discerned, i.e. how easy it is to distinguish individual letters/symbols so that they can be recognized
Legibility Distance
the distance at which a person can read the display
Readability
(to understand–MEANING) concerns larger groups of characters (e.g. words, sentences) in which comprehension of the materials is a consideration (poor grammar)
Intelligibility
(SIMPLE–no hidden messages) describes how the message in the display should be unambiguous and include information about consequences if ignored
Maintainability
constructed of the appropriate material for the environment
Alphanumeric Displays
any display that uses words, letters, or numbers to convey information
Alphanumeric Drawback
Assumed person is literate, some letters and digits are similar in appearances
Clearview Font
developed font specifically for improving road signs
Symbolic displays
used to convey information by using an image, simple images
Coding Dimensions
arbitrary features can be coded to objects or concepts (red means STOP)
Absolute Judgement
refers to the classification of a stimulus when several options are available (deciding that a signal is “high” when the options are high, medium, low)
Relative Judgement
directly compare one to another
Color Coding
a method that can be very effective especially when the color is unique
Shape Coding
method when people can distinguish between a very large number of geometric shapes
Combination Codes
used to maximize discrimination ability between displays; using more than one type of coding in a display
Dynamic Displays
information is conveyed by movement within the display
Analog
have a continuous scale and a pointer
Digital
present information in alphanumeric form
Display Arrangements
consider perceptibility of information within each individual AND the overall organization (GESTALT)
Frequency of Use
the most frequently used and important displays are close to the line of sight under normal viewing conditions (right in front of the user)
Sequence of Use
the order in which the displays are used (no sequence then grouped by function)
Motion Interpretability
how well a display represents the motion of an object (GPS showing your car’s motion along the path)
Head-up Displays (HUDs)
information right on top of real world site (most commonly used on airplanes and video games)
Helmet-mounted Displays (HMDs)
similar to HUDs, provide critical information without requiring the user to move his or her head (google glass
3 Types of Warning Signals:
Advisories, Cautions, Warnings
Advisories
evokes general awareness fo a marginal condition
Cautions
evokes immediate attention and requires a relatively rapid response
Warnings
evokes immediate attention and requires immediate response
Auditory Icons (universal meaning)
representational, everyday sounds with stereotypical meanings (police car siren -> antivirus warning sound)
Earcons (individual meaning)
brief, recognizable sequences of tones to provide information (no inherent meaning, but given meaning (receiving text message)
Speech Displays
used to transmit slightly more complicated information
Tactile/Haptic Displays
rely on sense of touch, can convey spatial information
Tactile (broad term)
displays refer to any displays where information is conveyed by sense of touch (powered or unpowered)
Haptic
displays usually refer to displays that apply force, vibration, or motion to the user (powered tactile)
