Disorders, Treatments, Therapies & Services Flashcards
abnormal psychology
study of psychological disorders
abnormal behavior
first step in labeling person w/ psychological disorder = differences in typical and abnormal behavior
intellectual disability
score of 70 or below on standard IQ test
comorbid disorder
more than one disorder at same time
DSM
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
neurodevelopmental disorders
diagnosed in childhood yet often continue throughout lifespan
ASD symptoms
- problems w/ social + communication
- ritualistic behavior
ASD factors
- genetics
- parental age
- disruptions in brain development
- environment
ADHD symptoms
- inattentiveness
- hyperactivity/impulsivity
ADHD factors
- genetics
- brain development/exposure to toxins
- underactive frontal lobe + basal ganglia
- food additives
schizophrenia symptoms
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized thought and speech
- movement disorders
- restricted movement
- avolition or asociality
schizophrenia factors
- genetics
- reduced frontal lobe activity
- disruption of brain development
- dopamine and glutamate abnormalities
- stress
- prenatal environment
- marijuana use
bipolar symptoms
- elevated mood
- grandiosity
- don’t need much sleep
- can’t concentrate
- maybe depression
bipolar factors
- genetics
- serotonin disturbances
- diet
MDD symptoms
- chronically sad
- no pleasure
- can’t sleep
- no appetite
- can’t concentrate
- hopelessness
- suicidal thoughts
MDD factors
- no positive reinforcement
- learned helplessness
- negative cognitions
- rumination - deep thoughts
- depressive attribution
- stress
- genetics
- reduced serotonin
- patterns brain activity sleep-wake
seasonal depression
4-6% of population has
- can be treated w/ exposure to bright lights
anxiety - 30% people have
specific phobias: fears of subjects
agoraphobia
fear of open spaces
GAD
- generalized anxiety disorder
- excessive anxiety and worry for 6 months not correlated w/ specific objects of situations
- caused by genetic background
OCD
obsessive compulsive disorder - intrusive obsessions and compulsions
- strong genetic vulnerability, culture plays role
- can happen after head trauma
OCD vocab
- obsession: intrusive, distressing thought
- compulsion: repetitive, ritualistic behavior associated w/ anxiety
body dysmorphic disorder
unrealistic perception of physical flaws
PTSD: 3-4%
post traumatic stress disorder
- trauma, emotional numbing, repetitive intrusive thoughts, flashbacks and dreams of traumatic event
- conditioned responses to stimuli
dissociative disorder
- disruption in identity, memory or consciousness
depersonalization/derealization disorder
strong feeling of unreality about self/surrounding environment
somatic symptom disorder
physical symptoms that don’t have medical cause
personality disorders
impairments in identity, personality traits and establishment of empathy or intimacy
ASPD
antisocial personality disorder
- disregarding and violation of rights of others
- psycopath
- genetics
- orbitofrontal cortex issues
BPD
borderline personality disorder
- instability in relationships, self-image and emotion
NPD
narcissistic personality disorder
- grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy
grandiose: inflated views of self-worth, aggressiveness and dominance
vulnerable: inflated views of self-worth with insecurity, defensiveness and negative emotions
substance use disorder prevention
- “talk they hear you” campaign
- ICCPUD (interagency coordinating committee on the prevention of underage drinking)
- STOP underage drinking
- national prevention week (may)
- communities talk to prevent alcohol and other drug misuse
- “talk they hear you” campaign
- reduce underage drinking and substance use for youths
- provide resources to parents/caregivers
ICCPUD
- interagency coordinating committee on the prevention of underage drinking
- coordinate 15 federal agencies to develop a comprehensive plan for preventing and reducing underage drinking
stop underage drinking
- ICCPUD website w/ research, federal and state resources and funding opportunities to prevent underage drinking
national prevention week
- may
- promote community involvement and stuff
communities talk to prevent alcohol and other drug misuse
national initiative w/ resources and more
- activities to raise awareness for youth 12-25
mental disorder prevention
- national children’s mental health awareness day (May)
- federal commission on school safety
- NCTSI (national child traumatic stress initiative)
medication
most commonly used of medical therapies
ECT
- electroconvulsive therapy
- patient is anesthetized and given muscle relaxant before induction of general seizures
psychosurgery
attempt to improve psychological disorders through brain surgery
brain stimulation
electrical stimulation applied through surgically implanted electrodes
neurofeedback
biofeedback teaches client to keep measures of brain activity within certain range
CBT
cognitive behavioral therapy
- talk therapy
DBT
dialectical behavior therapy
- help understand and accept emotions
ASD treatments
- ABA (applied behavior analysis)
- antipsychotic meds (for self-injury)
ADHD treatments
- behavior therapy
- stimulant meds (Ritalin, dextrostat/dextrin, amphetamine salts)
schizophrenia treatment
- medication (phenothiazines): reduced psychosis - dopamine antagonist
- CBT
bipolar disorder
- supportive CBT (must be with meds)
- meds w/ lithium carbonate
MDD
- CBT
- antidepressants (3rd most taken drug) - 10% of americans use
- SSRIs: Prozac & Zoloft
- ECT
- exercise
anxiety
- CBT
- antidepressants
- antianxiety drugs
ASPD
- learning models
NPD
CBT
borderline personality disorder treatment
DBT
OCD treatment
- antidepressant meds
- CBT
body dysmorphic disorder treatment
- CBT
PTSD treatment
- exposure therapy
- additional meds like SSRI meds
dissociative identity disorder treatment
- hypnosis
- working through traumatic memories
- resolving stress, anxiety, depression WITHOUT referring to dissociation
somatic symptom disorder treatment
- meds w/ antidepressants
- CBT
