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Respiratory system pathophysiology > Disorders of Ventilation and Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Disorders of Ventilation and Gas Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

There is ventilation but no matching blood supply (perfusion) is referred as

A

dead space

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2
Q

There is ventilation but no matching blood supply (perfusion) is referred as

A

dead space

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3
Q

Example of dead space

A

PE

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4
Q

When some alveoli have no ventilation due to an obstructed airway

A

shunt

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5
Q

Example of shunt

A

pulmonary edema

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6
Q

When some alveoli have no perfusion, due to occlusion of blood supply to that unit

A

dead space

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7
Q

PaO2 level in hypoxemia

A
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8
Q

Most common cause of hypoxemia

A

mismatched V/Q

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9
Q

Other causes of hypoxemia

A

decreased oxygen in inspired air (high altitude)
alveolar hypoventilation
diffusion abnormalities (pulmonary fibrosis and edema)
atelectasis
right-left shunt
congenital heart defect

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10
Q

Normal PaCO2 level

A

38-42 mmHg

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11
Q

Increased level of PaCO2

A

hypercapnia

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12
Q

What is the best measure of alveolar ventilation

A

PaCO2 level

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13
Q

Most common cause of hypercapnia

A

hypoventilation

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14
Q

Most common cause of hypocapnia

A

hyperventilation

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15
Q

Normal range for V/Q

A

0.6-3.0

average around 1

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16
Q

Refers to the blood supply to the alveoli

A

Perfusion

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17
Q

Refers to the air in the lungs available for gas exchange

A

Ventilation

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18
Q

Diseases related to impaired ventilation

A

airway obstruction
bronchoconstriction
pulmonary edema

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19
Q

Disease that increases the shunt fraction and leads to hypoxemia

A

pulmonary edema

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20
Q

Diseases related to impaired perfusion

A

emphysema

PE

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21
Q

In V/Q mismatch, which is more easily compensated, O2 or CO2

A

CO2

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22
Q

What is treatment to improve hypoxia r/t V/Q mismatching

A

FiO2 (inspired oxygen)

23
Q

V/Q mismatch is charaterized as

A

hypoxia without or far in excess of hypercapnia

24
Q

Subjective sensation of being unable to get enough air

A

dyspnea

25
Q

Bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by increase desaturated or reduced hemoglobin in blood

A

cyanosis

26
Q

selective bulbous enlargement of end of a digit

A

clubbing

27
Q

High V/Q mismatch, no perfusion with high ventilation

A

dead space

28
Q

Low V/Q mismatch, no ventilation with high perfusion

A

shunt

29
Q

Example of dead space

A

PE

30
Q

When some alveoli have no ventilation due to an obstructed airway

A

shunt

31
Q

Example of shunt

A

pulmonary edema

32
Q

When some alveoli have no perfusion, due to occlusion of blood supply to that unit

A

dead space

33
Q

PaO2 level in hypoxemia

A
34
Q

Most common cause of hypoxemia

A

mismatched V/Q

35
Q

Other causes of hypoxemia

A

decreased oxygen in inspired air (high altitude)
alveolar hypoventilation
diffusion abnormalities (pulmonary fibrosis and edema)
atelectasis
right-left shunt
congenital heart defect

36
Q

Normal PaCO2 level

A

38-42 mmHg

37
Q

Increased level of PaCO2

A

hypercapnia

38
Q

What is the best measure of alveolar ventilation

A

PaCO2 level

39
Q

Most common cause of hypercapnia

A

hypoventilation

40
Q

Most common cause of hypocapnia

A

hyperventilation

41
Q

Normal range for V/Q

A

0.6-3.0

average around 1

42
Q

Refers to the blood supply to the alveoli

A

Perfusion

43
Q

Refers to the air in the lungs available for gas exchange

A

Ventilation

44
Q

Diseases related to impaired ventilation

A

airway obstruction
bronchoconstriction
pulmonary edema

45
Q

Disease that increases the shunt fraction and leads to hypoxemia

A

pulmonary edema

46
Q

Diseases related to impaired perfusion

A

emphysema

PE

47
Q

In V/Q mismatch, which is more easily compensated, O2 or CO2

A

CO2

48
Q

What is treatment to improve hypoxia r/t V/Q mismatching

A

FiO2 (inspired oxygen)

49
Q

V/Q mismatch is charaterized as

A

hypoxia without or far in excess of hypercapnia

50
Q

Subjective sensation of being unable to get enough air

A

dyspnea

51
Q

Bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by increase desaturated or reduced hemoglobin in blood

A

cyanosis

52
Q

selective bulbous enlargement of end of a digit

A

clubbing

53
Q

High V/Q mismatch, no perfusion with high ventilation

A

dead space

54
Q

Low V/Q mismatch, no ventilation with high perfusion

A

shunt

Respiratory system pathophysiology (6 decks)

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