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Respiratory system pathophysiology > Control of Respiratory Function > Flashcards

Control of Respiratory Function Flashcards

1
Q

major function of respiratory system

A

exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

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2
Q

respiratory system helps regulate pH by

A

eliminating CO2

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3
Q

Metabolic functions of respiratory system

A

angiotensin converting enzyme
surfactant
inactivation of prostaglandins

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4
Q

Defense mechanisms of respiratory system

A

cough
mucociliary escalator
alveolar macrophages
IgA

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5
Q

conducting airways

A

trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles

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6
Q

respiratory zone

A 
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveoli
lung parenchyma
gas exchange
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7
Q

site of gas exchange

A

alveoli

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8
Q

lung parenchyma

A

contains alveoli, basement membrane, and capillary endothelial cells

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9
Q

movement of respiratory gases occurs by

A

diffusion

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10
Q

diffusion is dependent upon

A

alveolar ventilation

pulmonary perfusion

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11
Q

ficks law

A 
F=DA(delta)C/X
A=surface area
X=thickness
D=partial pressures and gas solubilities
C=concentration gradient
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12
Q

Thin respiratory membrane allows for

A

efficient diffusion

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13
Q

allows for rapid on-loading of oxygen to hemoglogin

A

allosteric modulation

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14
Q

disease that compromise efficient gas exchange

A

pulmonary fibrosis
emphysema
atelectasis
altitude

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15
Q

pulmonary fibrosis compromise gas exchange by

A

increased thickness of partition between air and blood, increasing X, decreasing gas exchange

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16
Q

emphysema or atelectasis compromise gas exchange by

A

decreased surface area for gas exchange

decreasing A

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17
Q

altitude compromise gas exchange by

A

at high altitiude there is decreaed concentrations of oxygen in inspired air
compromising the concentration gradient
decreasing DC

18
Q

oxygen is transported by

A

hemoglobin

19
Q

CO2 is transported as

A

bicarbonate ion

20
Q

enzyme that catalyzes CO2 and water

A

carbonic anhydrase

21
Q

equation for CO2 conversion

A

CO2+H2O=H2CO3(carbonic acid)

H2CO3=H+ + HCO3- (bicarb) facilitated by carbonic anhydrase

22
Q

cooperative binding

A

once oxygen binds to one site on Hg makes the other sites more likely to bind

23
Q

make up of Hg

A

4 amino acid chairs and 4 heme groups

Heme + iron ion is where oxygen binds

24
Q

CO2 and acidic environment causes

A

release of oxygen from Hg

25
Q

Idea that things bind to other part of protein and enzymes

A

allosteric inhibition

inhibited by CO2 and H+(acid)

26
Q

acidic environment, increase temp, increase pCO2

A 
Hg allosteric inhibition
decrease of oxygen on Hg
Oxygen "dumping"
release oxygen from Hg
creating more O2 for tissue
decrease blood saturation(saO2)
right shift of curve
27
Q

Right shift on oxygen dissociation curve

A

caused by ACIDIC environment

28
Q

basic environment, decrease temp, decrease pCO2

A

causing binding of oxygen to Hg
increase blood saturation(saO2)
left shift of curve

29
Q

Left shift on oxygen dissociation curve

A

caused by BASIC environment

30
Q

part of brain controlling ventilation

A

brainstem

31
Q

part of brain sets basic respiratory rhythm

A

medulla

32
Q

part of brain modifies respiratory rhythm

A

pons

33
Q

nerves that innervate the diaphragm and intercostals

A

phrenic and intercostal nerves

34
Q

Major signal that sets rate and depth of ventilation

A

carbon dioxide

oxygen secondary signal to CO2

35
Q

normal, quiet breathing

A

eupnea

36
Q

increased resp rate

A

tachypnea

37
Q

subjective sensation of breathlessness

A

dyspnea

38
Q

a waxing and waning tidal volume with periodic apnea

A

cheyne-strokes respiration

39
Q

rapid and deep ventialtion

A 
kussmaal respiration
(metabolic acidosis)
40
Q

parasympathetic effects on respiratory system

A

airway constriction
blood vessel dilation
increase glandular secretion

41
Q

sympathetic effects on respiratory system

A

bronchodilation
blood vessel constriction
decrease glandular secretion

Respiratory system pathophysiology (6 decks)

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