disorders of the knee Flashcards
1
Q
femoral shaft traumas
A
- high velocity trauma
- proximal fragment is abducted due to glutus medius and minimus
- distal segement is adducted due to adductor muscles
- blood loss can develop into a hypovolemic shock
TREATMENT
- surgery
2
Q
distal femoral fractures
A
- sport injury or fall
- popliteal artery can be damaged
3
Q
tibal plataeu fractures
A
- high energy injuries
- normally affect the lateral tibial condyle
- can be associated with ACL fractures
4
Q
patellar fractures
A
- caused by direct injury
- cant raise leg in air
TREATMENT
- surgery
5
Q
patella dislocation
A
- completely displaced out of normal position
- most common is lateral dislocation due to line of pull between the quadricepts tendon and the patella ligament
- trauma
- strengthen vastus medialis muscle
TREATMENT
- extend the knee and manually reducing the patella and need physiotherapy
6
Q
meniscal injury
A
- very common
- intermittent (not continous) pain
- localised pain
- swelling is delayed
- tenderness and pain
TREATMENT
- acute = surgically
- chronic = conservative managment
7
Q
collateral ligament injury
A
- sporting injury in direct contact sport
- immediate pain and swelling of knee
- valgus = MCL at risk of damage
- varus = LCL at risk
8
Q
valgus and varus angulation
A
- valous = various = wide
9
Q
unhappy triad
A
- ACL
- medial meniscus
- medial collateral ligament
all injured
10
Q
ACL and PCL injury
A
- ACL = due to a sudden change in direction (quick deceleration or hypoextension)
- or large force to the back of the knee
- immediate swelling
- PCL = player falls on knee and tibia hits ground first
11
Q
dislocation of the knee
A
- 3/4 ligaments must be ruptured (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL)
- risk of damaging popliteal artery
12
Q
swelling around knee
A
due to:
- bone
- soft tissue
- fluid
13
Q
knee effusion
A
- accumulation of fluid inside the knee joint
- can be blood, recative synovitis (increased synovial fluid)
divisions
- heamarthrosis = ACL rupture
- lipo- haemartrosis = blood and fat in joint and fat can be seen on x ray and appears darker
3.
14
Q
pre patella bursitis
A
- knee pain and swelling and cant walk
-
housmaids knee - tend to lean forwards
*
15
Q
infrapatella bursitis
A
clergymans knee
17
Q
OSD (osgood - schlatters disease)
A
- inflammed patella ligament
- intense knee pain during movement
- relieved with rest
18
Q
osetoarthritis of knee
A
- stiffness and swelling
- deformity of knee joint = valgus
- loss of articular cartilage
