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SA MSK > Disorders of the ankle and foot > Flashcards

Disorders of the ankle and foot Flashcards

1
Q

Ankle fracture

A

truma

  • skin fracture
  • discontinuation of the cortex of the bone
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2
Q

what is a fracture in the tibia called

A

medial malleolar fracture

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3
Q

what is a fracture in the fibula called

A

lateral malleolar fracture

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4
Q

role of the subtalar joint

A

eversion and inversion

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5
Q

fracture on ligament

A

very bad = unstable and long to repair

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6
Q

ligaments attaching tibia and fibula

A

Anterior superior tibiofibular ligament
posterior superior tibiofibular ligament

anterior inferior tibiofilbular ligament
posterior inferior tibiofubular ligament

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7
Q

interosseus membrane

A

connects the tibia and fibular

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8
Q

role of lateral ligaments in foot

A

prevents too much inversion

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9
Q

lateral ligaments in the ankle

A
  1. anterior tibiofibular ligament
  2. anterior talofibular ligament
  3. calcaneofibular ligament
  4. posterior talofibular ligament
  5. posterior tibiofibular ligament
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10
Q

medial liagments on ankle role

A

prevents too much eversion

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11
Q

name of medial ligaments on the ankle

A

deltoid (talous, calcaneous, navicular)

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12
Q

how to know if image of a leg is right or left

A

find the side of the fibula
then its the opposite side

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13
Q

label this image

A
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14
Q

5th metatarsal fracture

A

forced inversion

avulsion fracture = bone breaks due to excessive tension on tendon

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15
Q

fibularis brevis

A

attaches onto the fifth metatarsal (small toe)

lateral

everts the foot

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16
Q

forced eversion

A

medial ligament sprain

17
Q

sprain

A

bones are intact but there is a ligamentous injury and is repaired by conservative managment

18
Q

achilles tendon rupture

A

very painful

(because achilles was shot in the ankle - only part he wasnt dipped in in the river so was his vulnerable spot)

risk factors

  • trauma
  • poor footwear
  • obesity

cant do plantar flexion

diagnosis

- simmonds test - squeeze calf and if there is no movement then the tendon is damaged// MRI

treatment

surgery

19
Q

bunion/ hallux valgus

A

there is an angle brtween 1st metatarcle and proximal phalange

  • lateral deviation of proximal phalange
  • medial deviation of metatarsal

risk factors

  • females
  • age over 65

treatment

  • supportive footwear
  • surgery
20
Q

osteoarthritis in foot

A

common is in the first metatarsophlangeal joint

swelling and thickening of joint

complications

  • hallux rigidid
  • hallux valgus
  • ligament weakness
  • corns and calluses

complications

arch collapse

21
Q

osteoarthritis in ankle

A

joints effected

talocrural joint

subtalar joint

(LOSS OF SPACE BETWEEN THE TIBIA, FIBULA AND CALLOUS)

fix

surgery

22
Q

claw and hammer toe

A

claw toe - dorsiflexion of metatarsal phalangeal (MTPJ) joint and plantar flexion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and plantar flexion of the distal pharangal joint (DIP)

CLAW LOOKING

hammer toe - dorsiflex of MTPJ and plantar flexion of PIP

RISK FACTORS

  • bad shoes
  • diabetes
  • stroke
  • alochol
23
Q

Flat foot

A

loss of the medial longtudinal arch (uni/bilateral)

RISK FACTORS

- genetics

  • tight achillies tendon
  • obesity
  • diabetes

MANAGMENT

  • physio
24
Q

diabetic foot

A

peripheral vasculr disease/ perpheral neuropathy

symptoms

  • deformed
  • pain
  • loss of sensation (VERY BAD - cant tell if they have broken foot/ ulcers = infected )
  • pallor

prevent

-anuual foot check

self care

25
Q
A
26
Q

charcot foot

A

progressive destruction of bone and soft tissue due to joint dislocations/fractures/deformity

symptoms

  • pain (foot ulcers due to ischameia and immunosuppression)
  • swelling
  • loss of sensation

TREATMENT

-fix underlying deformity

27
Q

compartment syndrome

A

increased pressure within a closed fascil compartment that compromises the neurovascular bundle

increased pressure = cut off blood suplly = tissue dies = paralysis

treat

fasciotomy (open up the leg and relieve presure)

SA MSK (15 decks)

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