Disorders of the ankle and foot Flashcards
Ankle fracture
truma
- skin fracture
- discontinuation of the cortex of the bone
what is a fracture in the tibia called
medial malleolar fracture
what is a fracture in the fibula called
lateral malleolar fracture
role of the subtalar joint
eversion and inversion
fracture on ligament
very bad = unstable and long to repair
ligaments attaching tibia and fibula
Anterior superior tibiofibular ligament
posterior superior tibiofibular ligament
anterior inferior tibiofilbular ligament
posterior inferior tibiofubular ligament
interosseus membrane
connects the tibia and fibular
role of lateral ligaments in foot
prevents too much inversion
lateral ligaments in the ankle
- anterior tibiofibular ligament
- anterior talofibular ligament
- calcaneofibular ligament
- posterior talofibular ligament
- posterior tibiofibular ligament
medial liagments on ankle role
prevents too much eversion
name of medial ligaments on the ankle
deltoid (talous, calcaneous, navicular)
how to know if image of a leg is right or left
find the side of the fibula
then its the opposite side
label this image
5th metatarsal fracture
forced inversion
avulsion fracture = bone breaks due to excessive tension on tendon
fibularis brevis
attaches onto the fifth metatarsal (small toe)
lateral
everts the foot
forced eversion
medial ligament sprain
sprain
bones are intact but there is a ligamentous injury and is repaired by conservative managment
achilles tendon rupture
very painful
(because achilles was shot in the ankle - only part he wasnt dipped in in the river so was his vulnerable spot)
risk factors
- trauma
- poor footwear
- obesity
cant do plantar flexion
diagnosis
- simmonds test - squeeze calf and if there is no movement then the tendon is damaged// MRI
treatment
surgery
bunion/ hallux valgus
there is an angle brtween 1st metatarcle and proximal phalange
- lateral deviation of proximal phalange
- medial deviation of metatarsal
risk factors
- females
- age over 65
treatment
- supportive footwear
- surgery
osteoarthritis in foot
common is in the first metatarsophlangeal joint
swelling and thickening of joint
complications
- hallux rigidid
- hallux valgus
- ligament weakness
- corns and calluses
complications
arch collapse
osteoarthritis in ankle
joints effected
talocrural joint
subtalar joint
(LOSS OF SPACE BETWEEN THE TIBIA, FIBULA AND CALLOUS)
fix
surgery
claw and hammer toe
claw toe - dorsiflexion of metatarsal phalangeal (MTPJ) joint and plantar flexion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and plantar flexion of the distal pharangal joint (DIP)
CLAW LOOKING
hammer toe - dorsiflex of MTPJ and plantar flexion of PIP
RISK FACTORS
- bad shoes
- diabetes
- stroke
- alochol
Flat foot
loss of the medial longtudinal arch (uni/bilateral)
RISK FACTORS
- genetics
- tight achillies tendon
- obesity
- diabetes
MANAGMENT
- physio
diabetic foot
peripheral vasculr disease/ perpheral neuropathy
symptoms
- deformed
- pain
- loss of sensation (VERY BAD - cant tell if they have broken foot/ ulcers = infected )
- pallor
prevent
-anuual foot check
self care
charcot foot
progressive destruction of bone and soft tissue due to joint dislocations/fractures/deformity
symptoms
- pain (foot ulcers due to ischameia and immunosuppression)
- swelling
- loss of sensation
TREATMENT
-fix underlying deformity
compartment syndrome
increased pressure within a closed fascil compartment that compromises the neurovascular bundle
increased pressure = cut off blood suplly = tissue dies = paralysis
treat
fasciotomy (open up the leg and relieve presure)
