Disorders of the Immune System Flashcards
The purpose of the immune system is
Protection
The immune system has three main jobs
- Protect the host against invasion by foreign substances, microorganisms, and toxins
- Protect against the proliferation of neoplastic cells
- Plays a large role in the inflammatory process and wound healing
When the immune system malfunctions it affects ___ and there is an overreaction to ___
Affects the ability to fight off infections
Overreaction to certain allergen triggers
The body’s immune system might also malfunctions through having an
Immunodeficiency disorder
An immunodeficiency is an abnormality in immune system that results in an
Increased susceptibility to disease states
What are the two immunodeficiency disorders?
Primary
Acquired
Primary immunodeficiency disorders are
Congenital or inherited
With primary immunodeficiency disorders, early detection is
Critical for treatment and decreasing risk for fatal diseases
If a child with a primary immunodeficiency disorder is given a vaccine with ___, it could be life threatening.
Live attenuated viruses (weakened form of the germ that causes the disease)
child’s body can’t fight even against the weakened form
The typical age that a child is referred for testing for a primary immunodeficiency disorder is
6 months
Acquired immunodeficiency disorders develop when?
Later in life because of other pathophysiologic states
Clinical manifestations and impact on the patient’s function depends on
The particular immunodeficiency disorder
The degree of the immune system malfunction
What is an example of a secondary immunodeficiency disorder?
HIV
Hypersensitivity disorder is an abnormal and
Excessive response of the activated immune system that causes injury and damage to host tissues
Normally, the immune system sends out __ when activated
T-cell and B-cells
How many types of hypersensitivity reactions are there?
4
Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are ___ that develop ___
IgE-mediated reactions that develop rapidly upon exposure to an antigen
What is an example of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
Peanut allergy
If someone has a peanut allergy, why would they have to ingest it twice to have a reaction?
1st time
- Macrophage takes allergen and starts to recognize it is foreign
- B and T cell lymphocytes establish a hyperactive immune response
- T-cells secrete cytokine (tells B-cells to become plasma cells and secrete IgE
2nd time
- Mast cells release histamine
Basically, the first time the body interacts with the allergen, it doesn’t know what it is or that it should react. But you can bet that the next time that allergen comes into the neighborhood, the cells are going to be ready to fight.
IgE are
Antibodies produced by the immune system
These are what are released to cause an allergic reaction
Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions are ___ mediated
Antibody-mediated
Cytotoxic hypersensitivity is another name for
Type 2 hypersensitivity
In a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction, the first mechanism of action looks like (use blood transfusion example)
Blood from donor is transfused into pt
Pts body recognizes the blood cells as foreign
Destroys the foreign cells through antibodies and complement activation
Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction causes
Target cell malfunction
An example of a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction is
Hyperthyroidism
In type 2 hypersensitivity reaction, soluble antigens (foreign object) may
Enter into circulation and be deposited on the specific organ tissues
Within type 2 hypersensitivity, one reaction is ADCC
Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
incorporates components of both innate and adaptive immune responses
Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction is __ driven
Antibody driven
Examples of type 3 hypersensitivity reaction are
Raynaud’s disease
Lupus
What kind of response occurs in type 3 hypersensitivity reaction?
Humoral response