Cell Proliferation and Tissue Regeneration and Repair

Question 1

Tissue repair overlaps

Answer 1

The inflammatory process

Question 2

Tissue repair is a response to

Answer 2

Tissue injury in an attempt to maintain normal tissue function

Question 3

The capacity for regeneration varies with the

Answer 3

Tissue and cell type

Question 4

Tissue regeneration involves

Answer 4

Replacement of the injured tissue with cells of the same type

> > Leaving little or no evidence of the previous injury

Question 5

Body organs and tissues are composed of two types of structures

Answer 5

Parenchymal

Stromal

Question 6

Parenchymal tissues contain the

Answer 6

Functioning cells of an organ or body part

> > > Hepatocytes, renal tubular cells

Question 7

Stromal tissues consist of

Answer 7

The supporting connective tissues, blood vessels, ECM, and nerve fibers

Question 8

Injured cells may either be replaced with _____, or the damaged tissue may be replaced by _____

Answer 8

Cells of the same type

Connective tissue, forming scar tissue.

Question 9

There are 3 different types of cells within the body which may play a role in tissue regeneration

Answer 9

Labile cells
Stable cells
Permanent cells

Question 10

Labile cells are those that

Includes

Answer 10

Continue to divide and replicate throughout life, replacing cells that are continually being destroyed

The surface epithelial cells of the skin

Question 11

Labile cells are able to

Answer 11

Regenerate tissue

Question 12

Stable cells are those that

Answer 12

Normally stop dividing when growth ceases

Question 13

Stable cells are capable of undergoing

Answer 13

Regeneration when confronted with an appropriate stimulus

Question 14

Examples of stable cells are

Answer 14

Parenchymal cells of the liver and kidney, smooth muscle cells, and vascular endothelial cells

Question 15

Stable cells are able to

Answer 15

Regenerate certain types of tissue

Question 16

Permanent or fixed cells do not __________ and are considered to be

Answer 16

Proliferate

Terminally differentiated.

Question 17

Permanent cells do not undergo

They are, therefore, unable to participate in

Answer 17

Mitotic division

Tissue regeneration

Question 18

Examples of permanent cells are

Answer 18

Nerve cells, skeletal muscle cells, and cardiac muscle cells

Question 19

Severe injury with damage to both the _______ and _______ may lead to ____________

Answer 19

Parenchymal cells and the extracellular matrix (EM)

Fibrous tissue repair

Question 20

In fibrous tissue repair, repair occurs by

The process involves generation of ______ and formation of _______

Answer 20

Replacement with connective tissue

Granulation tissue
Scar tissue

Question 21

Granulation tissue is a

It contains

Answer 21

Glistening red, moist connective tissue

Newly formed capillaries, proliferating fibroblasts, and residual inflammatory cells

Question 22

The purpose of granulation tissue is to

Answer 22

Fill the injured area while necrotic debris is removed

Question 23

Proud flesh is

Answer 23

Excessive granulation tissue

Question 24

What is the purpose of proud flesh?

Answer 24

To form and extend above the edges of the wound, preventing reepithelialization from taking place

Question 25

Keloids are

Answer 25

Benign tumor-like masses caused by excess production of scar tissue

Question 26

Who do keloids develop in?

Answer 26

Genetically predisposed and dark-skinned individuals

Question 27

The primary objective of wound healing is to

Answer 27

Fill the space created by tissue destruction and restore the structure of the skin

Question 28

Wound healing happens either by

Answer 28

Primary or secondary intention

Question 29

A sutured surgical incision is an example of

Answer 29

Healing by primary intention

Question 30

In primary intention healing, the edges of the wound are

Answer 30

Approximated or close together

Question 31

Healing by secondary intention is It results in the formation of

Answer 31

Slower than healing by primary intention Larger amounts of scar tissue

Question 32

Burns and large surface wounds heal by

Answer 32

Secondary intention

Question 33

In secondary intention, the wound’s edges are

Answer 33

Not close together

Question 34

An irregularly shaped would would be primary or secondary intention?

Answer 34

Secondary

Question 35

A wound that might otherwise have healed by _____ may become infected and healed by ______

Answer 35

Primary intention | Secondary intention

Question 36

Wound healing has three phases, they are

Answer 36

Inflammatory phase Proliferative phase Wound retraction and remodeling phase

Question 37

The inflammatory phase begins ____ with a ___ Then ___ show up to start After 24 hours, ____ join the neutrophils

Answer 37

``` At the time of injury Blood clot WBCs Phagocytosis (remove bacteria and cellular debris Macrophages ```

Question 38

``` The primary processes during proliferative phase focus on ____ begin proliferation ____ forms ____ form a new ___ The wound seals within ```

Answer 38

The building of new tissue to fill the wound space Fibroblasts and endothelial cells Granulation tissue Epithelial cells form a new surface layer 24-48 hours

Question 39

The remodeling phase begins There is simultaneous synthesis of As a result of these two processes, the architecture of the scar is

Answer 39

Approximately 3 weeks after injury Collagen by fibroblasts and lysis by collagenase enzymes Capable of increasing its tensile strength, and the scar shrinks so it is less visible

Question 40

What are some factors that affect wound healing?

Answer 40

Malnutrition Blood flow and oxygen delivery Impaired inflammatory and immune responses Infection, wound separation, and foreign bodies Bite wounds

Question 41

Malnutrition impairs wound healing and results in

Answer 41

poorly healed wounds

Question 42

Protein deficiencies prolong _______ and impair ________

Answer 42

Inflammatory phase of healing | Fibroblast

Question 43

Carbs are needed as an energy source for | They also help to prevent

Answer 43

White blood cells The use of amino acids for fuel when they are needed for the healing process

Question 44

Vitamin C is needed for

Answer 44

Collagen synthesis

Question 45

Trace minerals need to be present for Zinc is a cofactor in

Answer 45

Normal cell function. A variety of enzyme systems responsible for cell proliferation

Question 46

Adequate blood flow is important in order to

Answer 46

Supply the damaged area with necessary | nutrients and to remove the resulting waste, and cellular debris

Question 47

Oxygen is required for _____________ synthesis

Answer 47

Collagen

Question 48

Inflammation is essen+al to The immune response is responsible for

Answer 48

The first phase of wound healing Preventing infections that impair wound healing

Question 49

There are conditions that delay ________ by ________ These conditions are

Answer 49

Wound healing by impairing the inflammatory and immune responses Disorders of phagocytic function Diabetes mellitus Corticosteroids

Question 50

What impairs all dimensions of wound healing?

Answer 50

Infection

Question 51

Wound edges which are approximated will

Answer 51

Greatly enhance healing and prevent infection

Question 52

Foreign bodies in wound increase the chance of

Answer 52

Infection

Question 53

What can cause a wound to pull apart (dehisce)?

Answer 53

Mechanical factors such as increased local pressure or torsion

Question 54

In older adults, you may see a decrease in _______, a decline in _______, and a loss of _______

Answer 54

Dermal thickness Collagen content Elasticity

Question 55

Older adults are more vulnerable to what kind of wounds?

Answer 55

Chronic wounds | >>> Heal slowly