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RMC Patho Exam 2 > Cell Proliferation and Tissue Regeneration and Repair > Flashcards

Cell Proliferation and Tissue Regeneration and Repair Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue repair overlaps

A

The inflammatory process

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2
Q

Tissue repair is a response to

A

Tissue injury in an attempt to maintain normal tissue function

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3
Q

The capacity for regeneration varies with the

A

Tissue and cell type

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4
Q

Tissue regeneration involves

A

Replacement of the injured tissue with cells of the same type

> > Leaving little or no evidence of the previous injury

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5
Q

Body organs and tissues are composed of two types of structures

A

Parenchymal

Stromal

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6
Q

Parenchymal tissues contain the

A

Functioning cells of an organ or body part

> > > Hepatocytes, renal tubular cells

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7
Q

Stromal tissues consist of

A

The supporting connective tissues, blood vessels, ECM, and nerve fibers

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8
Q

Injured cells may either be replaced with _____, or the damaged tissue may be replaced by _____

A

Cells of the same type

Connective tissue, forming scar tissue.

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9
Q

There are 3 different types of cells within the body which may play a role in tissue regeneration

A

Labile cells
Stable cells
Permanent cells

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10
Q

Labile cells are those that

Includes

A

Continue to divide and replicate throughout life, replacing cells that are continually being destroyed

The surface epithelial cells of the skin

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11
Q

Labile cells are able to

A

Regenerate tissue

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12
Q

Stable cells are those that

A

Normally stop dividing when growth ceases

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13
Q

Stable cells are capable of undergoing

A

Regeneration when confronted with an appropriate stimulus

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14
Q

Examples of stable cells are

A

Parenchymal cells of the liver and kidney, smooth muscle cells, and vascular endothelial cells

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15
Q

Stable cells are able to

A

Regenerate certain types of tissue

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16
Q

Permanent or fixed cells do not __________ and are considered to be

A

Proliferate

Terminally differentiated.

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17
Q

Permanent cells do not undergo

They are, therefore, unable to participate in

A

Mitotic division

Tissue regeneration

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18
Q

Examples of permanent cells are

A

Nerve cells, skeletal muscle cells, and cardiac muscle cells

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19
Q

Severe injury with damage to both the _______ and _______ may lead to ____________

A

Parenchymal cells and the extracellular matrix (EM)

Fibrous tissue repair

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20
Q

In fibrous tissue repair, repair occurs by

The process involves generation of ______ and formation of _______

A

Replacement with connective tissue

Granulation tissue
Scar tissue

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21
Q

Granulation tissue is a

It contains

A

Glistening red, moist connective tissue

Newly formed capillaries, proliferating fibroblasts, and residual inflammatory cells

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22
Q

The purpose of granulation tissue is to

A

Fill the injured area while necrotic debris is removed

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23
Q

Proud flesh is

A

Excessive granulation tissue

24
Q

What is the purpose of proud flesh?

A

To form and extend above the edges of the wound, preventing reepithelialization from taking place

25
Q

Keloids are

A

Benign tumor-like masses caused by excess production of scar tissue

26
Q

Who do keloids develop in?

A

Genetically predisposed and dark-skinned individuals

27
Q

The primary objective of wound healing is to

A

Fill the space created by tissue destruction and restore the structure of the skin

28
Q

Wound healing happens either by

A

Primary or secondary intention

29
Q

A sutured surgical incision is an example of

A

Healing by primary intention

30
Q

In primary intention healing, the edges of the wound are

A

Approximated or close together

31
Q

Healing by secondary intention is

It results in the formation of

A

Slower than healing by primary intention

Larger amounts of scar tissue

32
Q

Burns and large surface wounds heal by

A

Secondary intention

33
Q

In secondary intention, the wound’s edges are

A

Not close together

34
Q

An irregularly shaped would would be primary or secondary intention?

A

Secondary

35
Q

A wound that might otherwise have healed by _____ may become infected and healed by ______

A

Primary intention

Secondary intention

36
Q

Wound healing has three phases, they are

A

Inflammatory phase
Proliferative phase
Wound retraction and remodeling phase

37
Q

The inflammatory phase begins ____ with a ___

Then ___ show up to start

After 24 hours, ____ join the neutrophils

A 
At the time of injury
Blood clot
WBCs
Phagocytosis (remove bacteria and cellular debris
Macrophages
38
Q 
The primary processes during proliferative phase focus on 
\_\_\_\_ begin proliferation
\_\_\_\_ forms
\_\_\_\_ form a new \_\_\_
The wound seals within
A

The building of new tissue to fill the wound space
Fibroblasts and endothelial cells
Granulation tissue
Epithelial cells form a new surface layer
24-48 hours

39
Q

The remodeling phase begins
There is simultaneous synthesis of
As a result of these two processes, the architecture of the scar is

A

Approximately 3 weeks after injury
Collagen by fibroblasts and lysis by collagenase enzymes
Capable of increasing its tensile strength, and the scar shrinks so it is less visible

40
Q

What are some factors that affect wound healing?

A

Malnutrition
Blood flow and oxygen delivery
Impaired inflammatory and immune responses
Infection, wound separation, and foreign bodies
Bite wounds

41
Q

Malnutrition impairs wound healing and results in

A

poorly healed wounds

42
Q

Protein deficiencies prolong _______ and impair ________

A

Inflammatory phase of healing

Fibroblast

43
Q

Carbs are needed as an energy source for

They also help to prevent

A

White blood cells

The use of amino acids for fuel when they are needed for the healing process

44
Q

Vitamin C is needed for

A

Collagen synthesis

45
Q

Trace minerals need to be present for

Zinc is a cofactor in

A

Normal cell function.

A variety of enzyme systems responsible for cell proliferation

46
Q

Adequate blood flow is important in order to

A

Supply the damaged area with necessary

nutrients and to remove the resulting waste, and cellular debris

47
Q

Oxygen is required for _____________ synthesis

A

Collagen

48
Q

Inflammation is essen+al to

The immune response is responsible for

A

The first phase of wound healing

Preventing infections that impair wound healing

49
Q

There are conditions that delay ________ by ________

These conditions are

A

Wound healing by impairing the inflammatory
and immune responses

Disorders of phagocytic function
Diabetes mellitus
Corticosteroids

50
Q

What impairs all dimensions of wound healing?

A

Infection

51
Q

Wound edges which are approximated will

A

Greatly enhance healing and prevent infection

52
Q

Foreign bodies in wound increase the chance of

A

Infection

53
Q

What can cause a wound to pull apart (dehisce)?

A

Mechanical factors such as increased local pressure or torsion

54
Q

In older adults, you may see a decrease in _______, a decline in _______, and a loss of _______

A

Dermal thickness
Collagen content
Elasticity

55
Q

Older adults are more vulnerable to what kind of wounds?

A

Chronic wounds

|&raquo_space;> Heal slowly

RMC Patho Exam 2 (6 decks)

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