Disorders Of Potassium Balance Flashcards
Why is intracellular potassium much higher than extracellular potassium?
Intracellular potassium is much higher due to cellular metabolism and active transport mechanisms.
What are the two routes through which potassium losses can occur?
Renal and extra-renal routes.
What factors affect renal excretion of potassium?
Factors include aldosterone levels, acid-base balance, and dietary potassium intake.
What is hypokalaemia?
Plasma value of K+ below 3.5 mmol/L.
What are the clinical features of hypokalaemia?
Mostly due to weakness of muscles of all types.
What is hyperkalaemia?
Plasma value of K+ above 5.0 mmol/L.
What are the clinical features of hyperkalaemia?
Muscle weakness, fatigue, palpitations, and cardiac arrhythmias.
Match hypernatraemia with its appropriate diagnosis.
A. Nephrotic syndrome.
Match hypoosmolality with its appropriate diagnosis.
C. SIADH.
Match pseudohyperkalaemia with its appropriate diagnosis.
E. Haemolysis.
Match hypokalaemia with its appropriate diagnosis.
D. Conns syndrome.
Which laboratory finding is NOT associated with Conns disease?
A) Hyperkalaemia.
Substantial loss of potassium can result from all except _______.
D) Fistulae.
Which statement about potassium homeostasis is correct?
B) Exchange of 2 molecules of Na for 3 molecules of K via Na-K ATPase at the cellular level.
The sources of errors in potassium evaluation include all except _______.
D) Phlebotomy site.
Why is intracellular potassium much higher than extracellular potassium?
Intracellular potassium is much higher due to cellular metabolism and active transport mechanisms.
What are the two routes through which potassium losses can occur?
Renal and extra-renal routes.
What factors affect renal excretion of potassium?
Factors include aldosterone levels, acid-base balance, and dietary potassium intake.
What is hypokalaemia?
Plasma value of K+ below 3.5 mmol/L.
What are the clinical features of hypokalaemia?
Mostly due to weakness of muscles of all types.
What is hyperkalaemia?
Plasma value of K+ above 5.0 mmol/L.
What are the clinical features of hyperkalaemia?
Muscle weakness, fatigue, palpitations, and cardiac arrhythmias.
Match hypernatraemia with its appropriate diagnosis.
A. Nephrotic syndrome.
Match hypoosmolality with its appropriate diagnosis.
C. SIADH.
Match pseudohyperkalaemia with its appropriate diagnosis.
E. Haemolysis.
Match hypokalaemia with its appropriate diagnosis.
D. Conns syndrome.
Which laboratory finding is NOT associated with Conns disease?
A) Hyperkalaemia.
Substantial loss of potassium can result from all except _______.
D) Fistulae.
Which statement about potassium homeostasis is correct?
B) Exchange of 2 molecules of Na for 3 molecules of K via Na-K ATPase at the cellular level.
The sources of errors in potassium evaluation include all except _______.
D) Phlebotomy site.
