Biochemical Cardiac Markers Flashcards
What are cardiac markers?
Proteins produced by heart muscles, detectable in blood for clinical decision making
What is the primary use of cardiac markers?
Diagnosis, risk stratification of patients with chest pain and suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
What is the significance of cardiac markers in patient management?
Assist with early diagnosis, triage, and assessment of outcomes
Name two types of acute coronary syndrome.
- ST segment elevation MI (STEMI)
- Non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI)
What is an ideal cardiac marker?
- High concentration in the myocardium
- Absence from non-myocardial tissue
- High sensitivity and specificity in blood samples
- Rapid release following myocardial injury
- Correlation between blood level and extent of injury
When does CK-MB initially rise after chest pain onset?
4 to 9 hours
What condition does a CK-MB greater than 5% of total CK suggest?
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
What does the rise of CK-MB indicate in patients with chronic myopathy?
Persistent elevation instead of typical rise-and-fall pattern seen in AMI
What are the three protein subunits of Troponin?
- TnC (calcium-binding component)
- TnT (tropomyosin-binding component)
- TnI (inhibitory component)
What is the peak time for Troponin levels after AMI?
12 to 24 hours
True or False: Troponins are detected in the blood of healthy individuals
False
What is Myoglobin?
A low molecular weight oxygen-binding protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscle
When does Myoglobin peak after AMI?
4 to 12 hours
What does high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) indicate?
Marker of inflammation and an independent predictor of new AMI and death in ischemic heart disease
What is B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) released in response to?
Cardiac stretch from the ventricular myocardium
What is the preferred cardiac marker for the diagnosis of reinfarction?
CK-MB
Fill in the blank: The duration of rise for Myoglobin after AMI is ______.
2-4 days
What is the time sequence for the rise of Creatine Kinase after acute myocardial infarction?
Starts to rise: 4-6 hours; Peaks: 24-48 hours; Duration: 3-5 days
Name two novel cardiac markers currently being explored.
- ST-2
- Galectin-3
What is the negative predictive value of Myoglobin in AMI?
High negative predictive value
What is the primary role of Troponin in patients with ACS?
Predict outcomes and assess responses to therapy
True or False: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) levels correlate with long-term prognosis.
True
