Disorders of neural transmission

Question 1

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 1

• Acquired autoimmune condition where antibodies attack post synaptic acetylcholeine receptors
• Associated with hyperplasia of thymus gland
• Myasthenic crisis - decreased firing of muscles which control breathing

Question 2

Lambert eaton myasthenic syndrome

Answer 2

• Antibodies against calcoim channels of presynaptic motor nerves
• Myasthenia like illness
• Affects lower limbs

Question 3

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer 3

• A type of muscular dystrophy
• X linked recessive disorder affecting males alone and present in early life
• Mutation in gene coding for dystrophin
• Muscle weakness and wasting of muscles

Question 4

Myasthenia gravis clinical features

Answer 4

• Fatigueable muscle weakness
• Ptosis
• Fatigue of facial and bulbar muscles causing dysphagia and dyarthia

Question 5

Muscular dystrophies

Answer 5

inherited disorders characteries by progressive muscle weakness and wasting
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common

Question 6

Clostridiol toxins

Answer 6

• Produced by C diff bacteria

* Damage intestinal mucosa and cause symptoms of Cdiff infection

Question 7

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis

Answer 7

• Autosomal dominant trait
• Mutation in voltage gated calcium channel
• Muscle weakness or paralysis occurs
• Reduced levels of potassium

Question 8

Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

Answer 8

• AD
• Mutation in voltage gated sodium channel gene
• Potassium level elevation
• Weakness and involuntary muscle contraction (myotonia)

Question 9

Limbic encephalitis

Answer 9

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Question 10

Neuromyolonia

Answer 10

Acquired neuromyotonia is an inflammatory disorder characterized by abnormal nerve impulses from the peripheral nerves that result in continuous muscle fiber activity. Affected individuals often experience progressive muscle stiffness and cramping especially in the hands and feet
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