Disorders of Hepatobiliary and Exocrine Pancreas Function Flashcards
Liver is a highly ____________ organ
vascular (contains about 500-1000ml of blood)
What is the blood in the liver supplied by?
the hepatic artery and hepatic (portal) vein (which does not contain valves)
What does the liver serve as filter for?
-nutrients and toxins absorbed in the intestines
-blood cell debris from the spleen
-insulin and glucagon from the pancreas
Where do hepatic veins empty into?
the inferior vena cava then superior vena cava for transport into the right atrium
What do the hepatic veins supply blood with?
a lower O2 sat than arterial blood, but it does provide 75% of oxygen needs of the liver
What are the liver functions?
-metabolism of nutrients and vitamins
-synthesis of proteins and enzymes
-detoxification of drugs, hormones, and alcohol
-production/ excretion of bile and bilirubin
Liver-Metabolism Functions
-essential role in carbs metabolism and glucose homeostasis
-manufactures proteins for its own use and secretes proteins released into circulation for cellular needs
What do carbs do in liver metabolism?
-stores large amounts of glucose as glycogen through glycogenesis
-concerts glycogen back to glucose with hypoglycemia
-performs gluconeogenesis
What do proteins do in liver metabolism?
-albumin contributes to plasma colloid osmotic pressure and binds and transports some hormones, fatty acids, bilirubin and anions
-produces fibrinogen and clotting factors to promote clotting
Pathophysiology of Liver Dysfunction
-bleeding r/t inadequate clotting factor production
-infection risk r/t decreased immune globulins
-accumulation of toxins and drugs
-inadequate conjugation/excretion of bile leads to hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice
-biliary tract obstruction with possible gallstone formation
-hormone accumulation led to feminization in males
-increased ammonia because the liver is unable to convert ammonia to urea for excretion in stool and urine and it is toxic
What is the liver an important site for?
manufacture and break down of proteins
Ammonia produced by protein metabolism in the GI tract is absorbed by what?
the portal circulation and transported to the liver to be converted to urea for excretion in urine and stool
When is ammonia increased in the intestine?
with high protein foods and GI bleeding
Hepatic encephalopathy
central nervous system dysfunction resulting from liver disease; frequently associated with elevated ammonia levels that produce changes in mental status, altered level of consciousness, and coma
Liver- Exocrine Function
bile production (made by hepatocytes into ducts instead of blood)
What happens once the common bile duct delivers bile into the duodenum?
digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins
What does decrease bile in the duodenum produce?
light clay or tannish colored stools
Bilirubin is the end product of
heme degradation