Disorders of Cranial Nerves Flashcards
What are each of the cranial nerves called?
What is CN I called?
Olfactory nerve
What is CN II called?
Optic nerve
What is CN III called?
Oculomotor nerve
What is CN IV called?
Trochlear nerve
What is CN V called?
Trigeminal nerve
What is CN VI called?
Abducens nerve
What is CN VII called?
Facial nerve
What is CN VIII called?
Vestibulocochlear nerve
What is CN IX called?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What is CN X called?
Vagus nerve
What is CN XI called?
Accessory nerve
What is CN XII called?
Hypoglossal nerve
What are different functions of cranial nerves?
- ‘Special’ senses
- ‘Ordinary’ sensation
- Control of muscle activity
- Autonomic functions
What cranial nerves transmit the ‘special senses’?
- Olfaction (I)
- Vision (II)
- Taste (VII, IX and X)
- Hearing and balance (VIII)
What cranial nerve is responsible for olfaction?
CN I
What cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
CN II
What cranial nerve is responsible for taste?
CN VII, IX and X
What cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and balance?
CN VIII
What cranial nerve controls the eye muscles?
CN III, IV and VI
What cranial nerve controls the muscles of mastication?
CN V
What cranial nerves control the muscles of facial expression?
VII
What cranial nerves control the muscles of the pharynx?
Mainly X
What cranial nerves controls the muscles of the pharynx?
Mainly CN X
What cranial nerve controls the sternomastoid?
CN XI
What cranial nerve controls the trapezius muscles?
CN XI
What cranial nerve controls pupil constriction?
CN III
What cranial nerve controls lacrimation?
CN VII
What cranial nerve controls salvation?
- Submandibular and sublingual glands VII
- Parotid gland IX
What does physical examination of CN I test?
- Smell, unilateral or bilateral loss
What does physical examination of CN II test?
- Visual acuity, visual fields, pupillary reactions, fundoscopy, colour vision
What does physical examination of CN III, IV and VI test?
- Evidence of ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid), pupil of equal size, pupillary reactions, eye movements (horizontal and vertical)
What is ptosis?
Drooping of upper eyelid
What does physical examination of CN V test?
- Sensation in ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions, power in the muscles of mastication, corneal reflex, jaw jerk
What does physical examination of CN VI test
- Muscles of facial expression, corneal reflex, taste
What does physical exmination of CN VIII test?
- Hearing using Rinne’s and Weber’s tests, vestibular function using Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre and Untenberger’s test
What does physical examination of CN IX test?
- Movement of the palate, gag reflex, quality of speech, quality of cough
What does physical examination of CN XI test?
- Head turning and shoulder shrugging