disordered eating

Question 1

prevalence

Answer 1

• up to 40% of females and 25% of males btw 10-14y/o report diet to lose weight
• females> males
• 3% lifetime prevalence
• comorbidities: depression, anxiety, alcohol
• 10-20% affected eventually die from complications

Question 2

possible causes of eating disorders

Answer 2

• biological
• psychological
• developmental
• social

Question 3

risk factors of eating disorders in athletes

Answer 3

• aesthetic sports
• low self-esteem and excessively critical
• younger starting
• dieting at young age
• exercise dependance
• belief that lower fat/weight improves performance
• coaches focused on performance rather than mental health

Question 4

normal eating

Answer 4

• flexible
• diet is moderate, balanced and varied
• some constraints but not overly-strict
• athletes mught be more strict due to demand of training, discipline but not an obsession

Question 5

anorexia nervosa prevelance

Answer 5

• 0.5-1% of late ado and early adult female popu
• prev in male sunknown
• common age 13-20
• start of high school and college are critical times

Question 6

anorexia nervosa

Answer 6

• abnormally small food intake
• refusal to maintain normal body weight
• distorted view of body image
• intense fear of being fat or overweight and gaining weight
• feeling fat when > 15% lower than normal weightt for age and height

Question 7

anorexia nervosa DSM-V criteria

Answer 7

• restrictive energy intake
• weight taht is less than minimal normal
• intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat
• disturbance in th way in which ones body weight or shape is experiences
• persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the low body weight

Question 8

types of anorexia nervosa

Answer 8

• restrictive type
• no binging or purging within past 3months
• weight loss primarly w/ dieting, fasting or excessive exercise
• binge-eating/purging
  *weight loss accomplish: dieting, fasting +
• past 3months person engaged in recurrent binge-eating or purging

Question 9

s&s of anorexia nervosa

Answer 9

• weight loss beyond normal
• dehydration
• amenorrhea
• high lvl of fatigue
• GI prob
• hyperactivity
• hypothermia
• low resting HR
• m. weakness
• susceptible to overuse injuries
• redued bone mineral density
• frequent infections

Question 10

psychological symptoms of anorexia nervosa

Answer 10

• gen anxiety
• avoidance of eating and abscence from meals
• claims they feel fat
• resistance to rec to gain weight
• unusual weight behaviour
• excessive training
• obsessed w/ body image
• restlessness
• social withdrawal
• depression
• tiredness and irratability
• insomnia

Question 11

Cardiovascular prob & AN

Answer 11

• heart m. become weak and thin
• chambers dec in siza > bld pressure drop and pulse rate drop > heart failure
• tiredness
• breathing dif
• GI symptoms
• loss of appetite
• early feeling of fullness

Question 12

electrolyte imbalance

Answer 12

heart faillure
inc risk cardiac arrest during exercise
death

Question 13

GI and AN

Answer 13

• GI tract deteriorates
• dec digestive enzymes
• dec absorption surfaces

Question 14

effects of AN on initial performance

Answer 14

• may have initial inc performance

meachnism
- starvation:
* physiological stressor
* inc epinephrine and norepi
* mask fatigue and inc euphoria
- inc vo2 max

Question 15

further effects of AN on performance

Answer 15

• dec liver and m. glycogen
• dec lean body m. mass
• dehydration
• dec plasma vol
• dec sweating
• dec thermoregulation

Question 16

bulimia nervosa

Answer 16

• binge eating followed by compensatory behaviour
• feeling lack of control
• BMI > 18.5

Question 17

purging

Answer 17

• vomiting
• abuse of laxative
• diet pills and/or diuretics
• enemas

Question 18

non-purging behaviour

Answer 18

• fasting btw binges
• excessive exercise

Question 19

diagnostic criteria Bulimia nervosa

Answer 19

• recuring episodes of binge eating
• recurring inappropriate compensatory behaviour
• occurs at least 1 time/wk for 3months
• body shape or weight influence self-eval
• episodes are not exclusively during episodes of anorexia nervosa

Question 20

S&S of BN

Answer 20

• callus, sores on fingers or back of hand
• dehydration
• dental or gum prob
• edema or bloating
• serum electrolyte abnormalities
• GI prob
• low weight despite apparent intake
• frequent and etreme weight fluctiation
• menstrual irreg

Question 21

psychological BN

Answer 21

• binge eating
• secretive eating
• disappearing after meals
• evidence of vomiting
• dieting
• excesive exercise
• depression
• ## low self-esteem

Question 22

binge eating

Answer 22

• recurrent
  >1/wk x 3months
• sens of lack of control
• large amount eaten larger then normal

Question 23

binge eating disorder

Answer 23

• associated w/ marked distress
• ## not associated w/ compensatory behaviour

Question 24

binge eating episode

Answer 24

eat
- much more than normally
- until feeling uncomfy full
- large amounts of food when not feeling hungry
- alone bc of feeling embarassed
- feeling disgusted, depressed, or very guilty afterwards

Question 25

normal daily food intake

Answer 25

- aprox 2000 cal/day -

Question 26

effects of excessive use of laxatives

Answer 26

- most calories are absorbed before laxative ake effects - stopping constant use > constipation, bloating - long term > dec K and dehydration - worst case: bowels become unresponsive and cannot funct w/o aid

Question 27

effecst of excessive use of diuretics

Answer 27

- rid the body of water - chronic use * kidney damage and failure * electrolyte and sodium imbalances - no effects on caloric intake

Question 28

effects of repeated vomiting

Answer 28

- eliminates 50% of the calories consumed - blood vessels in eyes burst - dental erosion and teeth staining - esophageal tears - gastric rupture, reflux, stomach ulcers - pancreatitis - facial swelling - dec K and Na= fatal heart arrhythmias

Question 29

bulimia vs performance

Answer 29

- insufficient electrolytes - dehydration - injuries - slower recovery rates - weak bones

Question 30

orthorexia nervosa

Answer 30

- obsession w/ eating a healthy diet - restricitve food choices - lot of time spent on planning diet

Question 31

bigorexia body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 31

- excessive concern w/ perceived body defects m. dysmorphia - dietary restrictions/focus - weight trianing and anabolic steroids may also be used

Question 32

anrexia athletica

Answer 32

- not in DSM-V - better described athletes with ED - dec body weight fro perform vs appearance and body shape

Question 33

characteristics of anorexia athletica

Answer 33

- loss of bw result in a lean physique - weight cycling is usually present - restriction of food intake and or excessive exercise is voluntary - present while competing but ceases after comp

Question 34

disorderd eating in males

Answer 34

- 3% ado - 8% adult - high body dissaatisfaction - weight class sports - excessive exercise and severe dieting

Question 35

when and how to interven athlete

Answer 35

- early intervention - professional behaviour and confidentiality - person approaching should have good rapport with athlete - approach the athlete and refer to a trained professional for eval -

Question 36

role of coaches

Answer 36

- establish culture that supports norm eating - do not suggest bw reduced - careful how behaviours are reinforced - refer to a sport dietitian

Question 37

primary vs secondary amenorrha

Answer 37

P: - female has gone through puberty does not menstruate by the age 15 S - menstruation began but has been absent for 3 or more months

Question 38

amenorrhea

Answer 38

- functional hypothalamic amenorrhea * dec E intake > altered luteinizing hormone - energy availability <30kcal/kg * -ve effects on growth and dev - amenorrhea >6 months will likely affect bone mineral density