diseases respiratory Flashcards
Inflammation of bronchi impairs breathing: bronchitis can progress to emphysema
bronchitis
Destruction of alveolar walls; loss of alveoli decreases surface area for gas exchange; there is no cure; alone or with bronchitis, known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Emphysema
Caused by damage to the respiratory membrane; amount of surfactant is reduced lessening gas exchange; develops after an injurious event
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Genetic disorder that affects mucus secretions throughout the body due to an abnormal transport protein; mucus is much more viscous and accumulates in ducts and tubes, such as the bronchioles; airflow is restricted, and infections are more likely
Cystic fibrosis
Occurs in the epithelium of the respiratory tract; can easily spread to other parts of the body because of the rich blood and lymphatic supply to the lungs
lung cancer
Blood clot in lung blood vessels; inadequate blood flow through the pulmonary capillaries, affecting respiratory function
Thrombosis of the pulmonary arteries
Most frequent cause of death of infants between 2 weeks and I year of age; cause is still unknown, but at-risk babies can be placed on monitors that warn if breathing stops
Sudden infant death syndrome
Results from a viral infection
common cold
Caused by streptococcal bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes); characterized by inflammation of the pharynx and fever
strep throat
Caused by the bacterium Clostridium tuberculosis, which forms small, lumplike lesions called tubercles
tuberculosis
Many bacterial or viral infections of the lungs that cause fever, difficulty in breathing, and chest pain edema in the lungs reduces their inflation ability and reduces gas exchange
pneumonia
Viral infection of the respiratory system; does not offect the digestive system, as is commonly misunderstood
Flu
is characterized by abnormally increased constriction of the trachea and bronchi in response to various stimuli, which decrease ventilation efficiency
Asthma
