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anaphy finals > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

with the assistance of the circulatory system, is a complex set of organs, glands, and ducts that work together to transform food into nutrients for cells.

A

Digestive system

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2
Q

Functions of Digestive System

A

Ingestion
Digestion
absorption
elimination

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3
Q

digestive system consists of the

A

digestive tract, or gastro-intestinal tract, plus specific associated organs.

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4
Q

The specific portions of the digestive tract include:

A

Oral Cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, Large intestines, anus

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5
Q
  1. The innermost tunic, the
A

mucosa

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6
Q

outside of mucosa thick layer of loose tissue containing nerves

A

submucosa

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7
Q

In most parts of the digestive tract it consists of an inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle.

A

muscularis

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8
Q

consists of the peritoneum, which is a smooth epithelial layer, and its underlying connective tissue.

A

serosa

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9
Q

Regions of the digestive tract not covered by peritoneum are covered by a connective tissue layer called the

A

adventitia

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10
Q

the walls of the abdominal cavity and the abdominal organs are associated with a serous membrane

A

peritoneum

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11
Q

serous membrane that covers the organs is

A

visceral peritoneum

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12
Q

The serous membrane that lines the wall of the abdominal cavity is

A

parietal peritoneum

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13
Q

Many of the organs of the abdominal cavity are held in place by connective tissue sheets called

A

mesenteries

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14
Q

The mesentery connecting the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver and diaphragm is called

A

lesser omentum

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15
Q

mouth, is the first part of the digestive tract.

A

oral cavity

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16
Q

are muscular structures, formed mostly by the orbicularis oris

A

lips

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17
Q

form the lateral walls of the oral cavity. Located within the cheeks are the buccinator

A

cheeks

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18
Q

begins the process of mechanical digestion, which breaks down large food particles into smaller ones.

A

mastication

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19
Q

large, muscular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity. The major attachment of the tongue is in the posterior part of the oral cavity.

A

tongue

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20
Q

normal adult mouth, located in

A

mandible maxillae

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21
Q

Each tooth consists of three regions:

A

crown root neck

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22
Q

The surface of the dentin in the root is covered with

A

cementum

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23
Q

The teeth are held in place within

A

alveoli

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24
Q

inflammation and degeneration of the periodontal ligaments, gingiva, and alveolar bone.

A

periodontal disease

25
Q

or roof of the oral cavity, separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity and prevents food from passing into the nasal cavity during chewing and swallowing.

A

palate

26
Q

There are three major pairs of salivary (sal’i-vär-e) glands:

A

the parotid glands, (2) the submandibular glands, and (3) the sublingual glands

27
Q

is a mixture of serous (watery) and mucous fluids and has multiple roles. The salivary glands are compound alveolar glands.

A

saliva

28
Q

The largest of the salivary glands, the

A

parotid

29
Q

is an inflammation of the parotid gland caused by a viral infection.

A

mumps

30
Q

the smallest of the three paired salivary glands, produce primarily mucous secretions. They lie immediately below the mucous membrane

A

sublingual glands

31
Q

The serous part of saliva, produced mainly by the parotid and submandibular glands, contains a digestive enzyme called

A

salivary amylase

32
Q

It prevents bacterial infections in the mouth by washing the oral cavity with a mildly antibacterial

A

called lysozyme

33
Q

Food taken into the mouth is chewed, or masticated, by the teeth. The incisors and canines primarily cut and tear food, whereas the premolars and molars primarily crush and grind it.

A

Mastication

34
Q

or throat, which connects the mouth with the esophagus,

A

pharynx

35
Q

is a muscular tube, lined with moist stratified squamous epithelium, that extends from the pharynx to the stomach.

A

esophagus

36
Q

is about 25 centimeters cm) long and lies anterior to the vertebrae and posterior to the trachea within the mediastinum.

A

esophagus

37
Q

primarily houses food for mixing with hydrochloric acid and other secretions.

A

stomach

38
Q

opening from the esophagus into the stomach is called the

A

gastroesophageal opening

39
Q

the most superior part of the stom-ach.

A

fundus

40
Q

the largest part of the stomach.

A

body

41
Q

The small intestine is about

A

6 meters

42
Q

digest pro-teins. They break the peptide bonds in proteins to form amino acids.

A

peptidases

43
Q

digest small sugars, specifically disaccharides.

A

disaccharide

44
Q

pronoximal end of the large intestine

A

cecum

45
Q

straight, muscular tube that begins at the termination of the sigmoid

A

rectum

46
Q

the breakdown of food to molecules that are small enough to be absorbed into the blood.

A

digestion

47
Q

molecules are insoluble or only slightly water

A

lipids

48
Q

consist primarily of starches, cellulose, sucrose (table sugar), and small amounts of fructose (fruit sugar) and lactose (milk sugar). Starches,

A

carbohydrates

49
Q

are chains of amino acids

A

proteins

50
Q

are the chemicals taken into the body that provide energy and building blocks for new molecules.

A

nutrients

51
Q

the process by which food is taken into and used by the body; it includes digestion, absorption, transport, and metabolism.

A

nutrition

52
Q

Lesions in the lining of the stomach or duodenum,

A

peptic ulcer

53
Q

by damage to and death of hepatic cells

A

cirrhosis

54
Q

inflammation liver

A

hepatitis

55
Q

Caused by ingesting bacteria

A

food poisoning

56
Q

Caused by a protozoan,

A

giardiasis

57
Q

are inorganic nutrients that are essential for normal metabolic functions.

A

minerals

58
Q

are organic molecules that exist in minute quantities in food and are essential 10 normal metabolism

A

Vitamins

anaphy finals (5 decks)

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