digestive system diseases

Question 1

Lesions in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, usually due to infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori; stress, diet, smoking, or alcohol may be predisposing factors; antibiotic therapy is the accepted treatment

Answer 1

Peptic Ulcer

Question 2

Characterized by damage to and death of hepatic cells and replacement by connective tissue; results in loss of normal liver function and interference with blood flow through the liver; a common consequence of alcoholism

Answer 2

Cirrhosis

Question 3

Inflammation of the liver that causes liver cell death and replacement by scar tissue; if not corrected, results in loss of liver function and eventually death; symptoms include nausea, abdominal pain, fever, chills, malaise, and jaundice; caused by any of seven distinct viruses

Answer 3

Hepatitis

Question 4

Infectious hepatitis; usually transmitted by poor sanitation practices or from mollusks living in contaminated waters

Answer 4

Hepatitis A

Question 5

Serum hepatitis; usually transmitted through blood or other body fluids through either sexual contact or contaminated hypodermic needles

Answer 5

Hepatitis B

Question 6

Often a chronic disease leading to cirrhosis and possibly cancer of the liver

Answer 6

Hepatitis C

Question 7

Localized inflammatory degeneration that may occur anywhere along the digestive tract but most commonly involves the distal ileum and proximal colon; the intestinal wall often becomes thickened, constricting the lumen, with

Answer 7

Inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD)

Question 8

Disorder of unknown cause marked by alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea; may be linked to stress or depression; high familial incidence

Answer 8

Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 9

Malabsorption in the small intestine due to the effects of gluten, a protein in certain grains, especially wheat; the reaction can destroy newly formed epithelial cells, causing the intestinal villi to become blunted and decreasing the intestinal surface, which reduces absorption of nutrients

Answer 9

Gluten enteropathy

Question 10

Slow movement of feces through the large intestine, causing the feces to become dry and hard because of increased fluid absorption while being retained; often results from inhibiting normal defecation reflexes; spasms of the sigmoid colon

Answer 10

Constipation

Question 11

Caused by ingesting bacteria or toxins, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, or Escherichia coli; symptoms include nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea; in severe cases, death can occur

Answer 11

Food poisoning

Question 12

Caused by a protozoan, Giardia lamblia, that invades the intestine; symptoms include nausea, abdominal cramps, weakness, weight loss, and malaise; bacteria are transmitted in the feces of humans and other animals, often by drinking from contaminated wilderness streams

Answer 12

Giardiasis (je-ar-di

Question 13

Common under conditions of poor sanitation; parasites include tapeworms, pinworms, hookworms, and

Answer 13

Intestinal parasites

Question 14

Severe form of diarrhea with blood or mucus in the feces; can be caused by bacteria, protozoa, or amoebae

Answer 14

Dysentery