Diseases of the Prostate, Testis, and Penis Flashcards
The seminiferous tubules are ____________ of each other.
independent
The ______________ can fill up with fluid after an injury.
tunica vaginalis
The center of the sperm’s flagellum is _______________.
microtubule (hence why Kartagener’s leads to infertility)
The “fried egg cells” at the periphery of the seminiferous tubules are _______________.
spermatogonia
The most common spot that undescended testes get stuck is ________________.
the superficial inguinal canal
Cryptorchidism is most often _____-lateral.
uni
What adverse effects may result from cryptorchidism?
Germ cell tumors and testicular atrophy
Note: the risk of germ cell tumor remains elevated after surgical correction of cryptorchidism, but it does go down.
Most of the acquired forms of testicular atrophy will display ________________ on histologic examination.
lack of stratification of the spermatogonia with widening lumen
End-stage testicular atrophy will show _______________ on microscopy.
“Sertoli-only” syndrome
In addition to sclerosis, those with Klinefelter’s will have __________________ in their testes.
no elastic fibers and Leydig cell hyperplasia
Part of what makes testicular torsion so painful is ___________________.
that the veins get occluded first and arterial blood still pumps in, raising testicular pressure
Epididymitis and orchitis usually result from _______________.
UTIs
True or false: mumps orchitis is most often bilateral.
False. 70% of the time it is unilateral.
Differentiate orchitis from TB and orchitis from syphilis.
TB: usually affects the epididymis first and then the testes
Syphilis: usually affects the testes first and then the epididymis
_______________ causes obliterative arteritis and coagulative of the testes.
Syphilis
TB causes ______________ of the testes.
caseating granulomas
The vast majority of testicular tumors are ______________.
germ cell tumors (which includes many subtypes)
What is the most common presentation of testicular neoplasia?
Painless testicular enlargement
If a germ cell tumor fails to develop, it is referred to as ______________.
a seminoma
If a germ cell tumor develops, then it can either _________________.
become embryonic (a teratoma) or extra-embryonic (yolk sac)
List some features of the most common testicular tumor.
Testis seminoma:
- good prognosis (radiosensitive and chemosensitive)
- fourth decade of life
- serum markers negative
Seminomas display what on microscopy?
“Emptying” of the seminiferous tubules with new blood vessels cuffed with lymphocytes
Developed testicular tumors (i.e., embryonal) are more often _________________.
mixed with seminoma
On gross examination, embryonal tumors will display ________________.
variegation: divets, bumps, heterogeneity
Describe how seminomas and embryonal tumors will look under the microscope.
Seminomas: “fried-egg look”
Embryonal tumors: high N:C ratio, crowded, occasional rosettes (because they’re trying to form a tubule)