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ENT > Diseases of the nose > Flashcards

Diseases of the nose Flashcards

1
Q

what are the causes of rhinitis

A

infective = viral URTI
allergic = intermittent or persistent
non-allergic

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2
Q

what are the symptoms of rhinitis

A

Blockage
Loss of smell
Discharge
Facial pain

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3
Q

what are the investigations of rhinitis

A

rhinoscopy

skin prick

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4
Q

what is the treatment of allergic rhinitis

A

1st line = anti-histamines (-zine)

2nd line - topical corticosteriods (e.g. beclomethasone)

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5
Q

what is the treatment of infective rhinitis

A

decongestants
analgesia
may consider broad spec antibiotics

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6
Q

what is the cause of acute sinusitis

A 
infection = common cold
allergic = hayfever
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7
Q

what are the symptoms of acute sinusitis

A

Mild discomfort over frontal or maxillary sinuses due to congestion

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8
Q

what symptoms would make you consider acute sinusitis with a secondary bacterial infection

A

Severe pain/ tenderness

purulent nasal discharge

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9
Q

what is the treatment of acute sinusitis

A

self-limiting

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10
Q

what is the treatment of acute sinusitis that is severe/worsening >10 days

A

1st line = phenoxymethylpenicillin

2nd line = doxycycline

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11
Q

what are nasal polyps

A

white, glistening masses with no sensation and may be able to be moved slightly

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12
Q

who commonly gets nasal polyps

A

teenagers and adults

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13
Q

what are the causes of nasal polyps

A

allergic
infection
asthma
CF if young

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14
Q

what is the treatment of nasal polyps

A

1st line = oral steroids
2nd line = topical steroids
last line = surgery

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15
Q

what is granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)

A

autoimmune disorder or unknown cause

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16
Q

what are the symptoms of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)

A

small vessel vasculitis and necrosis usually limited to resp tract and kidneys

nasal congestion
septal perforation

17
Q

what are the investigations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)

A

cANCA +ve

pANCA +ve = microscopic polyangiitis

18
Q

what is schniederain papilloma

A

BENIGN tumour of the lateral nasal walls, parasinuses, and nasal septum

19
Q

who is mainly affected by schniederain papilloma

A

males >50

20
Q

what causes schniederain papilloma

A

HPV = low risk
smoking
organic solvents
welding

21
Q

what are the symptoms of schniederain papilloma

A

unilaterally blocked nose

22
Q

what is the cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

EBV association

23
Q

what are the two types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

keratinising SCC

non-keratininsing SCC

24
Q

who is commonly affected by nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

males>females

rare in uk but common n the far east

25
Q

what symptoms would make you consider cancer

A

UNILATERAL nasal symptoms

26
Q

who commonly gets nasal polyps

A

teenagers and adults

27
Q

what are the causes of nasal polyps

A

allergic
infection
asthma
CF if young

28
Q

what is the treatment of nasal polyps

A

1st line = oral steroids
2nd line = topical steroids
last line = surgery

29
Q

what is granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)

A

autoimmune disorder or unknown cause

30
Q

what are the symptoms of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)

A

small vessel vasculitis and necrosis usually limited to resp tract and kidneys

nasal congestion
septal perforation

31
Q

what are the investigations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)

A

cANCA +ve

pANCA +ve = microscopic polyangiitis

32
Q

what is schniederain papilloma

A

BENIGN tumour of the lateral nasal walls, parasinuses, and nasal septum

33
Q

who is mainly affected by schniederain papilloma

A

males >50

34
Q

what causes schniederain papilloma

A

HPV = low risk
smoking
organic solvents
welding

35
Q

what are the symptoms of schniederain papilloma

A

unilaterally blocked nose

36
Q

what is the cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

EBV association

37
Q

what are the two types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

keratinising SCC

non-keratininsing SCC

38
Q

who is commonly affected by nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

males>females

rare in uk but common n the far east

39
Q

what symptoms would make you consider cancer

A

UNILATERAL nasal symptoms

ENT (6 decks)

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