Diseases of the nose Flashcards
what are the causes of rhinitis
infective = viral URTI
allergic = intermittent or persistent
non-allergic
what are the symptoms of rhinitis
Blockage
Loss of smell
Discharge
Facial pain
what are the investigations of rhinitis
rhinoscopy
skin prick
what is the treatment of allergic rhinitis
1st line = anti-histamines (-zine)
2nd line - topical corticosteriods (e.g. beclomethasone)
what is the treatment of infective rhinitis
decongestants
analgesia
may consider broad spec antibiotics
what is the cause of acute sinusitis
infection = common cold allergic = hayfever
what are the symptoms of acute sinusitis
Mild discomfort over frontal or maxillary sinuses due to congestion
what symptoms would make you consider acute sinusitis with a secondary bacterial infection
Severe pain/ tenderness
purulent nasal discharge
what is the treatment of acute sinusitis
self-limiting
what is the treatment of acute sinusitis that is severe/worsening >10 days
1st line = phenoxymethylpenicillin
2nd line = doxycycline
what are nasal polyps
white, glistening masses with no sensation and may be able to be moved slightly
who commonly gets nasal polyps
teenagers and adults
what are the causes of nasal polyps
allergic
infection
asthma
CF if young
what is the treatment of nasal polyps
1st line = oral steroids
2nd line = topical steroids
last line = surgery
what is granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
autoimmune disorder or unknown cause
what are the symptoms of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
small vessel vasculitis and necrosis usually limited to resp tract and kidneys
nasal congestion
septal perforation
what are the investigations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
cANCA +ve
pANCA +ve = microscopic polyangiitis
what is schniederain papilloma
BENIGN tumour of the lateral nasal walls, parasinuses, and nasal septum
who is mainly affected by schniederain papilloma
males >50
what causes schniederain papilloma
HPV = low risk
smoking
organic solvents
welding
what are the symptoms of schniederain papilloma
unilaterally blocked nose
what is the cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
EBV association
what are the two types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
keratinising SCC
non-keratininsing SCC
who is commonly affected by nasopharyngeal carcinoma
males>females
rare in uk but common n the far east
what symptoms would make you consider cancer
UNILATERAL nasal symptoms
who commonly gets nasal polyps
teenagers and adults
what are the causes of nasal polyps
allergic
infection
asthma
CF if young
what is the treatment of nasal polyps
1st line = oral steroids
2nd line = topical steroids
last line = surgery
what is granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
autoimmune disorder or unknown cause
what are the symptoms of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
small vessel vasculitis and necrosis usually limited to resp tract and kidneys
nasal congestion
septal perforation
what are the investigations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
cANCA +ve
pANCA +ve = microscopic polyangiitis
what is schniederain papilloma
BENIGN tumour of the lateral nasal walls, parasinuses, and nasal septum
who is mainly affected by schniederain papilloma
males >50
what causes schniederain papilloma
HPV = low risk
smoking
organic solvents
welding
what are the symptoms of schniederain papilloma
unilaterally blocked nose
what is the cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
EBV association
what are the two types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
keratinising SCC
non-keratininsing SCC
who is commonly affected by nasopharyngeal carcinoma
males>females
rare in uk but common n the far east
what symptoms would make you consider cancer
UNILATERAL nasal symptoms
