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Micro Final (60% of new material) > Diseases of the nervous system Part 1 > Flashcards

Diseases of the nervous system Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

CNS is consisted of

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Meningitis is inflammation of the

A

Meninges

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3
Q

Encephalitis is inflammation of the

A

Brain

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4
Q

CNS inflammation (2 types)

A

Meningitis and encephalitis

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5
Q

Is meningitis or encephalitis more deadly?

A

Encephalitis

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6
Q

Important Symptoms of meningitis

A

Neck stiffness and sensitivity to light

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7
Q

Do meningitis need to be treated immediately?

A

YESSSSSs

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8
Q

Is bacterial meningitis contagious?

A

YESSSSSS

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9
Q

Is fungal and Protozoa meningitis contagious?

A

No

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10
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae is acquired from

A

The mother’s birth canal
Most common cause of neonatal meningitis

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11
Q

Hemophilus influenzae is Gram + or -

A

-ve

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12
Q

Hemophilus influenzae shape

A

Rod

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13
Q

Hib is type

A

B

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14
Q

Meningitis vaccines are all ____ vaccines

A

Subunit

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15
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes (2)

A

Meningitis and pneumonia

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16
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia shape and Gram

A

Diplococci and gram +ve

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17
Q

You have 6 month child admitted to ER, non responsive, high fever, neck is stiff, what must you do?

A

Do a spinal tap and culture

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18
Q

What is alpha hemolytic gram + diplococci Meningitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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19
Q

Gram -ve diplococci meningitis

A

Neisseria meninitidis

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20
Q

Neiserria meningitis significant sign

A

Rash on abdomen

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21
Q

High risk places of neiserria

A

Military barracks, nursing homes, dorms
Crowded enclosed places

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22
Q

Virulence factors for neiserria meningitis

A

Endotoxin
Fimbriae
IgA protease
Capsule (6 types)

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23
Q

If the spinal fluid is clear what is it (generally)

A

Viral

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24
Q

Lockjaw

A

Tetanus

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25
Q

Clostridium tetani is + or -

A

+

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26
Q

Is clostridium tetani spore forming?

A

Yes

27
Q

Tetanus neonatorum enters how

A

Throught cut stump of umbilical cord

28
Q

Do gram positive rods have endotoxins?

A

No!!!!!

29
Q

Does clostridium tetani get changed to a endotoxin or a exotoxin?

A

Exotoxin
Because it is gram +

30
Q

Clostridum tetani is found on

A

Old, dirty, rusty objects

31
Q

Tetanus has a neurotoxin that codes for

A

Tetanospasmin

32
Q

You also need to administer what during treatment of tetanus?

A

Immunoglobulin

33
Q

3 viral diseases of nervous sytem

A

Poliomyelitis
Rabies
Arthropod-borne encephalitis

34
Q

Polio virus is in what family

A

Picornaviridae

35
Q

can we irradiate polio?

A

Yes

36
Q

How is polio transmitted

A

Oral-fecal route

37
Q

Are most cases of polio mild and asymptomatic?

A

Yes

38
Q

2% of polio cases are what

A

Paralytic polio
Paralysis

39
Q

Is polio occurred in what month the most?

A

Mainly summer months
Because people would go to public swimming pools

40
Q

Vaccine for polio (inactivated/killed)

A

Salk vaccine

41
Q

Oral polio vaccine (Live)

A

Sabin vaccine

42
Q

how were polio patients treated long ago

A

Iron lungs

43
Q

Remaining reservoirs of polio

A

Parts of Africa and asia

44
Q

Rabies family

A

Rhabdoviridae

45
Q

Shape and Gram of rabies

A

-ve, helical
SsRNA

46
Q

Do we still vaccinate against polio?

A

Yes

47
Q

when would you get an oral polio vaccine?

A

Working in remote impoverished areas in other countries

48
Q

Transmission of rabies

A

Exposure to infected animals
(Bites or handling)

49
Q

Rabies is shaped like a

A

Bullet

50
Q

Rabies CNS infection almost always leads to

A

Fatal encephalitis

51
Q

1 animal with rabies

A

Bats

52
Q

Hydrophobia, convulsions, coma, agitation, spasms of the mouth, salivation
What is it?

A

Rabies

53
Q

When is it too late to treat rabies?

A

Once symptoms appear

54
Q

Diagnosis or rabies

A

Prescience of virus in brain slices by observing negri bodies on autopsy

55
Q

Why is fear of water a symptom of rabies?

A

Because when you see water you start to salivate and that is extremely painful for them.

56
Q

Rabies is most of the time not confirmed until when

A

Death

57
Q

Negri bodies

A

Viral inclusion bodies in brain

58
Q

Passive treatment of rabies

A

HRIG
Human rabies immunoglobulin

59
Q

When would you get regular rabies vaccines?

A

If you work with animals
Park ranger, vet, etc.

60
Q

What is significant feature of the rabies vaccine?

A

One of the few diseases that you can vaccinate post exposure
It takes many weeks for the virus to reach the brain

61
Q

Killed viral vaccine of rabies

A

HDCV = human diploid cell vaccine

62
Q

Prevention of rabies

A

Vaccinate domestic and wild animals

63
Q

When is the symptoms the fastest for rabies?

A

When its closer to the brain

64
Q

Jeanna Giese

A

Rabies survivor
Vegetative state- later recovered

Micro Final (60% of new material) (7 decks)

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