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Micro Final (60% of new material) > Diseases of Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Diseases of Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

URT

A

upper respiratory tract
Nose, pharynx, associated structures

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2
Q

LRT

A

Lower respiratory tract
Trachea, bronchi, alveoli of lungs

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3
Q

Defenses of the respiratory tract

A

Ciliated mucous membranes, alveolar macrophages, IgA antibodies

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4
Q

Mycolic acid is in

A

Mycobacteria

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5
Q

If mycolic acid is in a cell wall of a bacteria it means it is an

A

Acid-fast bacteria

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6
Q

Mycoplasma have no

A

Cell wall

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7
Q

Can you treat a common cold with antibiotics?

A

NO

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8
Q

What are common colds caused by?

A

Viruses, NOT BACTERIA

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9
Q

Can the common cold ever have a vaccine? Why or why not?

A

NO, because there are numerous viruses that cause the common cold, there can be no single vaccine for all of them.

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10
Q

Mycolic acids in the cell wall resit what

A

Drying and disinfectants

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11
Q

1 cause of infectious disease since 2015

A

TB

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12
Q

Prior to 2015 what was the #1 cause of infectious disease?

A

AIDS

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13
Q

does HIV kill?

A

No, the opportunistic diseases kill the patient because of the weakened immune system.

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14
Q

Where does TB lie dormant?
How long can it stay there?

A

In the center of tiny capsules in the lungs
For years

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15
Q

“Consumption”

A

TB

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16
Q

TB test
Less than 5ml is

A

Negative

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17
Q

TB test
More than 10 ml is

A

Positive

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18
Q

TB test
In between 5 and 10 ml means

A

You need a further assessment

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19
Q

TB test
If it shows positive, what are the two things that can mean and what needs to be done?

A

Either you actually have TB
Or
You are a false positive and therefore you have had the vaccine and you now need a chest x-ray to confirm.

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20
Q

Differences (2) between bacterial strep pnumoniae and strep pyogens

A

Hemolysis on blood agar
Pyrogens is chains, pnumoniae is diploid in small groups

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21
Q

Vector borne means

A

Transmitted by anthropods

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22
Q

Sepsis

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

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23
Q

Lymphangitits

A

Inflamed lymph vessels

24
Q

Severe sepsis

A

Decreased BP and dysfunction of at least one organ

25
Q

septic shock

A

Sepsis is and uncontrollable decreased in BP

26
Q

Septicemia

A

acute illness due to the presence of pathogens or their toxins in the bloods

27
Q

2 plagues

A

Black Death and bubonic plague

28
Q

Plague is spread by animals so its a _____ disease.
Plague is spread by fleas so its also a _____-borne disease.

A

Zoonotic diseases
Vector (biological)

29
Q

The infection for the plague goes straight to the

A

Lymph nodes

30
Q

Buboes are what and found when/where

A

Swollen lymph nodes of groin and armpit
Bubonic plague cases

31
Q

Can you get the bubonic plague from another person?

A

No, only from animals

32
Q

When does bubonic plague become pneumonic plague?

A

M/O enters the lungs via inhalation; fatal within a few days
If you get it, you will die.

33
Q

what causes Lyme disease?

A

The disease that is founds in tics
NOT THE TICS THEMSELVES

34
Q

is Lyme disease zoonotic? Yes or no?

A

Yes, deer are a reservoir

35
Q

How long does it take after a tic attaches for the virus to enter your system?

A

24 hours

36
Q

Bull’s eyes rash is aka
And found where/when

A

Erythema migrans
Lyme disease cases

37
Q

Vector for Lyme disease

A

Ticks

38
Q

Second phase of Lyme disease

A

Irregular heartbeat, encephalitis

39
Q

Third phase of Lyme disease

A

Arthritis

40
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is aka

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

41
Q

DOC for Lyme disease (early stages)

A

Penicillin or tetracycline

42
Q

Rickettsia are (!!!!!!!)

A

Obligate intracellular parasites

43
Q

Transmission of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

From tic to tic

44
Q

Petechiae (hemorrhaging) rash is found in what disease

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (little spots of blood, bursting blood vessels)

45
Q

Is there a vaccine for Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A

No

46
Q

Similar to measles, except spotted fever rashes appear also on the

A

Palms and soles

47
Q

Untreated spotted fever will cause

A

Liver failure

48
Q

is Ebola caused by a virus or a bacteria?

A

Virus

49
Q

Malaria is caused by a

A

Protozoa

50
Q

How are Protozoa infections different from bacteria or vial infections?

A

Protozoa are eukaryotic microbes and unicellular

51
Q

Is malaria caused by tics?

A

no, TRANSMITTED by tics but its caused by the Protozoa infection

52
Q

most common and serious malignant malaria

A

Plasmodium falciparum

53
Q

Where is malaria stored in/on a tick?

A

In the mouth of ticks

54
Q

when do symptoms appear for malaria? What are they?

A

Fever, chills, nausea and vomiting, SEVERE sweating
At night

55
Q

cyclic symptoms are in what disease

A

Malaria

56
Q

What form will show on a malarial blood smear on a RBC?

A

Ring forms

Micro Final (60% of new material) (7 decks)

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