diseases final (rabies) Flashcards
what is the definition for rabies
an acute viral encephalomyelitis. it is a natural disease of dogs, cats, bats, and wild carnivores. all warm blooded animals are susceptible and the degree of susceptibility varies
what is the etiology of Rabies
Rhabdovirus
is rabies killed easily by sunlight, heat, and disinfectants?
yes
how is rabies transmitted
- from the bite of an infected animal (this is the most common route)
- airborne (from cave dwelling bats) (this is rare)
- ingestion (from infected tissue, urine feces) (this is rare)
virus may be present in the saliva and transmitted by the bite of an infected animal ________ ________ prior to the onset of clinical signs (rabies)
several days
what are the 6 most common hosts for rabies
- dogs and cats
- skunks
- foxes
- raccoons
- bats
- coyotes
what is the most important host of human rabies worldwide
dogs and cats
where do the highest incidence of rabies occur in dogs and cats
the highest incidence of rabies in dogs and cats occurs in areas where wildlife rabies is epizootic
what animal is the most important reservoir of rabies in California, the north central states, and the south central states?
skunks
how can you tell that a skunk is rabid just by looking at it
rabid skunks will roam aimlessly during daylight hours and often attack anything that moves
why should skunks not be kept as pets (rabies)
long term subclinical infections in skunks are a major concern, the stress of capture and captivity may trigger clinical rabies, therefore, skunks should not be kept as pets
foxes have a higher incidence of rabies where
Canada
raccoons with rabies are a major reservoir for what
for rabies in southeastern states and states along the eastern seaboard
what animal represents the majority of cases of wildlife rabies reported in the US
raccoons
what animal is currently the most important wildlife source of rabies for humans
bats
what is the pathogenesis of rabies
IM viral inoculation usually occurs via a bite wound> virus multiplies in muscle cells> spreads to the NMJ> virus enters peripheral nerves> transport of virus up the peripheral nerve to the CNS then occurs
what happens if the bite is on the extremity (rabies)
the virus will reach the spinal cord first and then it will travel to the brain probably by the CSF
what happens if the bite is in the head region (rabies)
the virus will move along a cranial nerve and go directly to the brain
once the virus is in the brain what does it do (rabies)
once the virus is in the brain it will eventually make it to the limbic system of the brain (this leads to rage and a desire to attack)
where does the virus go after it has replicated in the CNS
the virus moves out of the brain via the cranial nerves> the salivary glands are then infected with the virus> paralysis of these muscles leads to an inability to swallow and dropping of the lower jaw (commonly seen in dogs)
what is the fear of water called
hydrophobia
