diseases final (Kennel cough complex)

Question 1

what is Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (the definition

Answer 1

a highly contagious but usually mild self-limiting infection of the large airway structures (the trachea and the bronchi)

Question 2

what is the scientific name for kennel cough

Answer 2

canine infectious tracheobronchitis

Question 3

what is the definition of etiology

Answer 3

the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition

Question 4

what are the 3 most common pathogens of kennel cough

Answer 4

• Bordettella bronchiseptica
• canine parainfluenza virus
• canine adenovirus type 2

Question 5

what is the route of transmission for kennel cough

Answer 5

is a highly contagious infection that is spread via the aerosol route (coughing and sneezing produces aerosol droplets that contain the pathogens)

• transmission from dog to dog is common wherever susceptible dogs are housed in close confinement with an infected dog that is coughing
• fomite is also capable (water and food bowls, cages)

Question 6

what is fomite

Answer 6

is any object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms

Question 7

what is the incubation period

Answer 7

5-7 days

Question 8

how long may a full recovery take

Answer 8

up to 3 weeks

Question 9

what are the most frequent primary isolates in mixed infections for kennel cough

Answer 9

B. bronchiseptica and CPIV

Question 10

what is the definition of pathogenesis

Answer 10

the manner of development of a disease

Question 11

what is the primary infection target tissues with kennel cough

Answer 11

the ciliated epithelium of the trachea and bronchi

Question 12

what does the ciliated epithelium line

Answer 12

the trachea and bronchi

Question 13

what does the infection of the ciliated epithelium cause

Answer 13

infection of this lining leads to tracheobronchitis and dysfunction of the airway cilia

Question 14

bronchiseptica attaches where and does what

Answer 14

bronchiseptica attaches directly to the cilia and secretes a substance that causes paralysis of the cilia

Question 15

secondary bacterial invasion can cause what

Answer 15

a life threatening bronchopneumonia

Question 16

what are the clinical signs of typical KCC

Answer 16

• acute onset of a hacking cough that is accompanied by some increase in mucus production
• the cough is often followed by retching and gagging and then swallowing
• exercise and excitement will often trigger coughing spells
• the cough may be high pitched
• no fever
• serous mucus is produced
• the cough is easily elicited on tracheal palpation or by pulling on the collar
• a mild serous naso-ocular discharge is seen occasionally
• typically the dog continues to eat, remains active and alert, and is nonfebrile
• clinical course is usually 7 to 14 days, this is a self limiting infection (recovery is longer than 2 weeks)

Question 17

what are the clinical signs of KC with a secondary bacterial infection

Answer 17

• is less common
• it is usually the result of mixed infections in unvaccinated puppies involving secondary invasion by opportunistic bacterial pathogens such as E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia
• complicating bacterial bronchopneumonia seems to be the determinant of severity
• a productive cough producing a mucopurulent discharge often accompanies bacterial pneumonia
• anorexia
• depression
• fever
• a mucopurulent naso-ocular discharge may also be present

Question 18

for the typical case of KC how is the diagnose most of the time made

Answer 18

is made on a presumptive basis

Question 19

how is a definitive diagnosis made for KC

Answer 19

is made on the basis of all of the above (listed for a presumptive diagnosis)
- clinical lab test results, some of which support the diagnosis but are not definitive proof of which pathogen is involved and some of which definitively identify the specific pathogen or pathogens causing the infection.

Question 20

what laboratory findings help diagnose KC

Answer 20

• complete blood count
• thoracic radiography
• airway cytology
• bacterial cultures

Question 21

what does the CBC look like with KC

Answer 21

the CBC is either normal or there are changes in the WBC counts that are sometimes seen in association with stress
- severe form of KCC with secondary bacterial pneumonia > neutrophilic leukocytosis with a left shift may be present

Question 22

what is this change in the WBC counts seen in association with stress called

Answer 22

a stress leukogram

Question 23

what will a thoracic radiography show with a case of KC

Answer 23

• chest radiographs appear normal in mild cases of ITB

- in severe cases of ITB with pneumonia, evidence of lung congestion is seen on the radiographs

Question 24

what will the airway cytology of KC show

Answer 24

findings include mucous, mucopurulent exudates, and sometimes bacteria

Question 25

what is the definitive test for KC

Answer 25

bacterial cultures
- isolation of B. bronchiseptica from the trachea via bacterial culture is not definitive proof that the cause of the tracheal inflammation is a bordetella bronchiseptica infection in the trachea

Question 26

how is a bacterial culture performed

Answer 26

nasal swabs or transtracheal or bronchial washings can be cultured for bacterial pathogens

Question 27

what can be prescribed for treatment of KC

Answer 27

• antibiotics
• antitussives
• bronchodilators

Question 28

what are the antibiotics used for

Answer 28

indicated to treat b. bronchisptica and also to prevent secondary bacterial infections

Question 29

what are some therapy things that can be done

Answer 29

• antibiotics
• antitussives
• bronchodilators
• keep confined
• humidification
• isolation because it is a highly contagious infection
• supportive care

Question 30

what vaccines can be used for KC (names)

Answer 30

CAV-2
CPVI
and the bordetella vaccinations

Question 31

what are the different types of bordetella vaccines (types)

Answer 31

injectable

intranasal

Question 32

what does the intranasal vaccine affect

Answer 32

the mucosal antibody

Question 33

what does the injectable vaccine affect

Answer 33

the humeral immunity

Question 34

what route of vaccine works better

Answer 34

intranasal

Question 35

what is the correct way to use bleach to clean

Answer 35

1 part bleach to 32 parts water

Question 36

to ensure proper kennel ventilation how many air exchanges must occur per hour

Answer 36

15 to 20 air exchanges per hour