diseases final (Kennel cough complex) Flashcards
what is Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (the definition
a highly contagious but usually mild self-limiting infection of the large airway structures (the trachea and the bronchi)
what is the scientific name for kennel cough
canine infectious tracheobronchitis
what is the definition of etiology
the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition
what are the 3 most common pathogens of kennel cough
- Bordettella bronchiseptica
- canine parainfluenza virus
- canine adenovirus type 2
what is the route of transmission for kennel cough
is a highly contagious infection that is spread via the aerosol route (coughing and sneezing produces aerosol droplets that contain the pathogens)
- transmission from dog to dog is common wherever susceptible dogs are housed in close confinement with an infected dog that is coughing
- fomite is also capable (water and food bowls, cages)
what is fomite
is any object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms
what is the incubation period
5-7 days
how long may a full recovery take
up to 3 weeks
what are the most frequent primary isolates in mixed infections for kennel cough
B. bronchiseptica and CPIV
what is the definition of pathogenesis
the manner of development of a disease
what is the primary infection target tissues with kennel cough
the ciliated epithelium of the trachea and bronchi
what does the ciliated epithelium line
the trachea and bronchi
what does the infection of the ciliated epithelium cause
infection of this lining leads to tracheobronchitis and dysfunction of the airway cilia
bronchiseptica attaches where and does what
bronchiseptica attaches directly to the cilia and secretes a substance that causes paralysis of the cilia
secondary bacterial invasion can cause what
a life threatening bronchopneumonia
what are the clinical signs of typical KCC
- acute onset of a hacking cough that is accompanied by some increase in mucus production
- the cough is often followed by retching and gagging and then swallowing
- exercise and excitement will often trigger coughing spells
- the cough may be high pitched
- no fever
- serous mucus is produced
- the cough is easily elicited on tracheal palpation or by pulling on the collar
- a mild serous naso-ocular discharge is seen occasionally
- typically the dog continues to eat, remains active and alert, and is nonfebrile
- clinical course is usually 7 to 14 days, this is a self limiting infection (recovery is longer than 2 weeks)
what are the clinical signs of KC with a secondary bacterial infection
- is less common
- it is usually the result of mixed infections in unvaccinated puppies involving secondary invasion by opportunistic bacterial pathogens such as E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia
- complicating bacterial bronchopneumonia seems to be the determinant of severity
- a productive cough producing a mucopurulent discharge often accompanies bacterial pneumonia
- anorexia
- depression
- fever
- a mucopurulent naso-ocular discharge may also be present
for the typical case of KC how is the diagnose most of the time made
is made on a presumptive basis
how is a definitive diagnosis made for KC
is made on the basis of all of the above (listed for a presumptive diagnosis)
- clinical lab test results, some of which support the diagnosis but are not definitive proof of which pathogen is involved and some of which definitively identify the specific pathogen or pathogens causing the infection.
what laboratory findings help diagnose KC
- complete blood count
- thoracic radiography
- airway cytology
- bacterial cultures
what does the CBC look like with KC
the CBC is either normal or there are changes in the WBC counts that are sometimes seen in association with stress
- severe form of KCC with secondary bacterial pneumonia > neutrophilic leukocytosis with a left shift may be present
what is this change in the WBC counts seen in association with stress called
a stress leukogram
what will a thoracic radiography show with a case of KC
- chest radiographs appear normal in mild cases of ITB
- in severe cases of ITB with pneumonia, evidence of lung congestion is seen on the radiographs
what will the airway cytology of KC show
findings include mucous, mucopurulent exudates, and sometimes bacteria
what is the definitive test for KC
bacterial cultures
- isolation of B. bronchiseptica from the trachea via bacterial culture is not definitive proof that the cause of the tracheal inflammation is a bordetella bronchiseptica infection in the trachea
how is a bacterial culture performed
nasal swabs or transtracheal or bronchial washings can be cultured for bacterial pathogens
what can be prescribed for treatment of KC
- antibiotics
- antitussives
- bronchodilators
what are the antibiotics used for
indicated to treat b. bronchisptica and also to prevent secondary bacterial infections
what are some therapy things that can be done
- antibiotics
- antitussives
- bronchodilators
- keep confined
- humidification
- isolation because it is a highly contagious infection
- supportive care
what vaccines can be used for KC (names)
CAV-2
CPVI
and the bordetella vaccinations
what are the different types of bordetella vaccines (types)
injectable
intranasal
what does the intranasal vaccine affect
the mucosal antibody
what does the injectable vaccine affect
the humeral immunity
what route of vaccine works better
intranasal
what is the correct way to use bleach to clean
1 part bleach to 32 parts water
to ensure proper kennel ventilation how many air exchanges must occur per hour
15 to 20 air exchanges per hour
