Diseases and health monitoring in laboratory animals Flashcards
1
Q
Name some causes of disease
A
- infections
- age
- tumours
- immune system
- metabolic
- behaviour
- environment
- parturition
- developmental defects
- iatrogenic
- genetics
2
Q
Name some consequences of disease
A
They have consequences on
- immune response
- growth rate
- tumour development
- behaviour
- longevity
- fertility
3
Q
How may immunodeficient animals differ from “normal” ones?
A
- Disease
- clinical course
- duration
- chronic carriers
- clinical signs are often unspecific
- subclinical disease is common
- lesions
- severity
- characteristic lesions not always present
- unusual pathologies
4
Q
What does gnotobiotic mean?
A
- a controlled environment containing one or a few kinds of organisms
- free from other living organisms
- can be
- specific pathogen free
- germ-free
5
Q
What are sentinels?
A
Microbiologically defined animals introduced into an animal group for surveillance purposes
6
Q
When are sentinels used?
A
- normal animals
- serology is not possible or unreliable
- few or valuable animals
- along prolonged experiments
- suspicion of disease
- to test that control measures adopted for eradicating agents were successful
7
Q
What is health monitoring?
A
- laboratory tests
- active search for organisms
- defines status regarding specific infectious diseases
- apparently healthy animals
8
Q
When are diagnostic necropsies performed?
A
- disease or mortality
- unexpected experimental results
- circumstancial evidence that something may have happened: transportation, dietary changes, environmental monitoring, barrier failure etc.
