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infection and immunity > diseases > Flashcards

diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common name for coxsackievirus?

A

Hand, foot, mouth disease

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2
Q

Where are skin rashes commonly located in HFMD?

A
  • Palms
  • soles of feet
  • around the oral cavity
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3
Q

How can dental hygienists detect HFMD?

A

Swollen cervical lymph nodes
Red spots near cheeks and mouth

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4
Q

What conditions does Varicella Zoster Virus (VSV) cause?

A

Chickenpox and shingles

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4
Q

What is the shape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Bacilli (rod-shaped)

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5
Q

When is Varicella Zoster Virus most contagious?

A

During the acute eruptive phase, 1-2 days before symptoms appear

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6
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is the Mycobacterium tuberculosis skin test?

A

Type IV hypersensitivity

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7
Q

What is Oral Candidiasis?

A

The most common oral fungal infection; caused by an opportunistic pathogen.

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7
Q

How is a positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis skin test identified?

A

Red, swollen area on the skin

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8
Q

What are common signs of Herpes Simplex Virus?

A
  • Cold sores
  • fever blisters
  • mucocutaneous vesicular lesions.
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8
Q

What is the primary adaptive immune response in oral thrush?

A

TH17

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8
Q

What is the first line of defense against oral thrush?

A

Epithelial cells of the oral mucosa.

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9
Q

What is the optimal environment for Candida in dentures?

A

Low oxygen (anaerobic) and low pH.

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10
Q

How does the innate immune response combat oral thrush?

A

It uses PAMPs to identify polysaccharides on the cell wall, initiating phagocytosis and cytokine production.

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11
Q

What are common symptoms of Herpes Simplex Virus?

A

Malaise
- anorexia
- fever
- enlarged lymph nodes
- localized pain
- tenderness
- burning/ tingling

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12
Q

What are recurring 24-hour symptoms of Herpes Simplex Virus?

A
  • Tingling
  • burning
  • itching.
13
Q

What are oral manifestations of Herpes Simplex Virus?

A
  • Gingivostomatitis
  • herpetic stomatitis
  • herpetic labialis
  • esophagitis.
14
Q

When is it NOT safe to treat a patient with Herpes Simplex Virus, and what should be done?

A

When there are active oral or perioral herpetic lesions; avoid touching the area and postpone the procedure until the lesion crusts over.

14
Q

When is it safe to treat a patient with Herpes Simplex Virus?

A

When the lesion forms a crust, as it is considered non-infectious.

15
Q

What types of cancer does Human Papillomavirus cause?

A

Oropharyngeal cancer and cervical cancer.

16
Q

What viral cycle does Human Papillomavirus go through?

A

Lysogenic cycle.

17
Q

How can TMJ pain from Lyme Disease be managed during dental appointments?

A
  • Use a bite block
  • schedule brief appointments
  • provide regular breaks for rest.
18
Q

What precautions should be taken for prophylaxis in Lyme Disease patients?

A

Extra care during invasive procedures, especially if Lyme Disease is untreated.

19
Q

How is Lyme Disease spread?

A

Vector:ticks

20
Q

What does Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) cause?

A
  • Infectious mononucleosis (“mono”)
  • nervous system conditions
  • lymphomas,
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • myocarditis
21
Q

How is Epstein-Barr Virus spread?

A

Through saliva and bodily fluids, often called the “kissing disease,” and indirectly via shared utensils.

22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of mono caused by EBV?

A
  • Rash
  • liver dysfunction
  • swollen lymph nodes (neck)
  • fatigue
  • fever
  • malaise
  • sore throat
  • oral inflammation (ulcerations).
23
Q

What are oral manifestations of EBV?

A
  • Xerostomia
  • acute tonsillitis
  • pharyngitis
  • oral candidiasis
  • oral hairy leukoplakia
  • gingivitis
  • periodontitis
  • oral lymphomas
24
Q

What is the most common oral manifestation of EBV?

A

Oral hairy leukoplakia.

25
Q

What are the levels needed to treat patients with HIV at the VCU clinic?

A
  • CD4 count above 200
  • Viral load less than 50 copies per milliliter (undetectable).
26
Q

What are HIV patients called if they participate in a specific program?

A

Ryan White Program patients.

27
Q

What are the earliest indicators of HIV/AIDS?

A
  • HIV viral load in blood
  • low CD4 cell count
  • oral candidiasis
  • hairy leukoplakia
  • Kaposi’s sarcoma
  • swollen lymph nodes
  • fever
  • flu-like symptoms
  • fatigue.
28
Q

How is the Hepatitis C virus transmitted?

A
  • Vertically (mother to child)
  • Horizontally (blood-to-blood contact, intravenous drug use).
29
Q

What are the oral manifestations associated with Hepatitis C?

A
  • Oral lichen planus
  • Periodontal disease
  • Xerostomia
30
Q
A

infection and immunity (10 decks)

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