Diseases

Question 1

Pes cavus areflexa digital muscle weakness?

Answer 1

Charcot Marie tooth
PMP22 Gene
Mutation in the formation of coding for peripheral nerve Axon or Myelin proteins
Hammer toe

Question 2

Leg uncomfortable wanna move legs

Answer 2

Worse at night
cause idiopathic uremia Iron deficiency diabetes
mechanism of action weird dopaminergic transmission
treatment Dopamine agonist pramipexole gabapentin pregabalin

Question 3

ASymmetric reflexes loss, asymmetric muscle weakness, gait disturbance?

Answer 3

Vascular dementia undiagnosed

Mechanism of action- Atherosclerosis arteriolosclerosis, amyloid angiopathy

Types
Large artery- Cortical type vascular dementia ie (MMA features , Weakness sensory impairment)

small artery-Sub cortical vascular dementia 
reflects asymmetry strength differences
 abnormal gait 
urinary symptoms 
psychiatric symptoms

Question 4

Most common cause of lobar stroke

Answer 4

Amalyoid angiopathy
Commonly occipital and parietal lobe
Occipital lobe stroke seen with Homonymous hemianopsia
Parietal lobe of scene with contralateral help me sensory loss

Question 5

Areas most susceptible to ischemia in the brain

Answer 5

Vulnerable hippos need pure water

Hippocampus, neo cortex , Cerebellum Purkinje fibers , watershed areas

Question 6

Positive Romberg test

Answer 6

Tabes dorsalis degeneration demyelination of dorsal column and route
Features - progressive sensory ataxia poor coordination and deep tendon reflexes
Charcot joints, shooting pain, argyle Robertson pupil

Question 7

Causes of syringlomyelia

Answer 7

1 #Congenital malformations like scoliosis,

acquired causes trauma and tumors

Question 8

Causes of Chiari 1 malformation

Answer 8

Seen in adulthood not seen in children usually associated with syringomelia

Question 9

Chiari 2

Answer 9

Presents an early life associate mylengomeningocele

Question 10

Dandy Walker

malformation

Answer 10

Agenesis of the cerebellar vermis enlargement of the fourth ventricle associated with hydrocephalus and spina bifida

Question 11

Fecal incontinence plus constipation

Answer 11

Lesion in the sacral spinal cord

Constipation is caused by parasympathetic splanchic nerve Stimulation by shit in the ass- Internal anal sphincter does not relax

Fecal incontinence external anal Spinter supplied by pudendal s2 s4

Question 12

Hydrocephalus ex vacuo

Answer 12

Enlargement of the ventricles due to loss of central neuronal matter (AIDS dementia Alzheimer’s disease Huntington’s disease picks disease)

Question 13

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Answer 13

CSF doesn’t absorb ventricles enlarge.

Ataxia ,urinary incontinence ,dementia

Question 14

High pressure hydrocephalus

Answer 14

sudden Decrease in CSF absorption (example cerebral Venus thrombosis ,meningitis acute ,subarachnoid hemorrhage )
clinical 
altered mental state 
seizure 
headache 
focal neurological deffects

Question 15

Mammillary body

Answer 15

Can O beer
Thiamine deficiency
Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome
Due to neuronal Cell death due to ATP decrease

Question 16

Trigeminal neurologia Causes treatment

Answer 16

Compression of trigeminal nerve root by vessels , tumor multiple , sclerosis
Treatment- carbamazepine oxcarbamazpine