disease processes Flashcards
acromegaly definition
overproduction of growth hormone in anterior pituitary
happens slowly, over several years
acromegaly s/s
tongue enlargement, deepened voice, hyperglycemia
acromegaly tretments
medication
radiation
surgery
SIADH definition
syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone
posterior pituitary makes too much ADH
SOAKED ON THE INSIDE
SIADH lab values
increased ADH
low sodium
SIADH s/s
fluid retention
hyponatremia
concentrated/low urine output
hypertension
bradycardia
SAIDH treatments
treat underlying cause (tumor/surgery)
medication: diuretics/lasix
SAIDH nursing interventions
strict I/O
fluid restriction
monitor lab values/hyponatremia
daily weight
vs
DI definition
diabetes insipidus
posterior pituitary gland is not making enough ADH
DRY INSIDE
DI s/s
increased urinary output and osmolality
polydipsia and polyuria
hypernatremia
hypotension
tachycardia
DI treatments
hydration (IV, oral)
medication for lack of production, not kidney problems (a pressin)
both SIADH and DI are associated with ______ (hormone) and _______ (electrolyte)
ADH and sodium
SIADH has increased ADH and decreased sodium
DI has decreased ADH and increased sodium
hypothyroidism slows _____
metabolic rate
hypothyroidism s/s
weight gain
intolerance to cold
constipation
cardiac decreased (HR, perfusion)
mental health changes
myxedema (face puffiness)
hypothyroidism lab values
high TSH
low T3 and T4
hypothyroidism treatments
lifelong medicine
hormone replacement therapy (start low, leuthyroxine/Syntraboid)
increase after 4-6 weeks
kick starts metabolism
hyperthyroidism increases _______
metabolic rate
hyperthyroidism s/s
goiter
bruit
exopthalmus (protruding eye)
weight loss
increased appetite
anxiety
diarrhea
intolerance to heat
confusion and agitation
hyperthyroidism lab values
low TSH
high T3, T4
hyperthyroidism treatments
treat underlying cause
antithyroid medications
iodine oral solution
RAI
surgery
RAI
radioactive iodine therapy
takes 3 months to take effect
urine and stool precautions (b/c radioactive!)
thyroid cancer is a common reason for
hyperthyroidism
thyroid cancer s/s
painless, palpable nodules (malignant mass, asymptomatic)
difficulty swallowing or breathing
hemoptysis (spitting up blood)
_____ may be faint after thyroid cancer surgery as well as low _______
voice faint
low calcium
hypoparathyroidism s/s
electrolyte imbalance
hypocalcemia
dysrhythmias
decreased cardiac output
decreased BP
hypoparathyroidism lab values
decreased parathyroid hormone, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D
increased phosphorus
hypoparathyroidism treatments
replace electrolytes
phosphate binders will help excrete extra phosphate
hyperparathyroidism s/s
electrolyte imbalances
angina (ischemic chest pain)
dysrythmias
increased BP
benign tumor
hyperparathyroidism lab values
increased parathyroid hormone, calcium, magnesium & vitamin D
decreased phosphorus
hyperparathyroidism treatments
surgery (remove they parathyroid or whole thyroid/hypophysectomy)
lithium therapy
Addison’s disease is
hypercorticolism
Addison’s s/s
anorexia/weight loss
fatigue
hyperpigmentation of skin (bronze)
salt craving
hypoglycemia
GI distress
mood instability
body hair loss
sexual dysfunction
Addison’s lab values
decreased ACTH, cortisol, aldosterone (which decreases sodium)
Addison’s treatments
medication - hormone replacement (cortisol, hydrocortisone, prednisone)
dietary changes:
increased salt
lower potassium
Cushing’s disease is
hypercorticolism
Cushing’s s/s
weight gain
muscle wasting
increased body hair
thin skin/purple striae
back pain
hyperglycemia
slow wound healing
Cushing’s lab values
increased ACTH, cortisol, aldosterone (which increases sodium)
Cushing’s treatments
surgery (remove tumor/gland), medications, taper corticosteroids
aldosterone levels run parallel at increased or decreased to
sodium
hypophysectomy
removal of pituitary gland
cortisol is a ______ and manages ______
a glucocorticoid
manages stress
aldosterone is a ______ and manages ________
a mineralcorticoid
manages fluid/electrolytes
