disease processes

Question 1

acromegaly definition

Answer 1

overproduction of growth hormone in anterior pituitary

happens slowly, over several years

Question 2

acromegaly s/s

Answer 2

tongue enlargement, deepened voice, hyperglycemia

Question 3

acromegaly tretments

Answer 3

medication
radiation
surgery

Question 4

SIADH definition

Answer 4

syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone

posterior pituitary makes too much ADH

SOAKED ON THE INSIDE

Question 5

SIADH lab values

Answer 5

increased ADH

low sodium

Question 6

SIADH s/s

Answer 6

fluid retention
hyponatremia
concentrated/low urine output
hypertension
bradycardia

Question 7

SAIDH treatments

Answer 7

treat underlying cause (tumor/surgery)

medication: diuretics/lasix

Question 8

SAIDH nursing interventions

Answer 8

strict I/O
fluid restriction
monitor lab values/hyponatremia
daily weight
vs

Question 9

DI definition

Answer 9

diabetes insipidus

posterior pituitary gland is not making enough ADH

DRY INSIDE

Question 10

DI s/s

Answer 10

increased urinary output and osmolality
polydipsia and polyuria
hypernatremia
hypotension
tachycardia

Question 11

DI treatments

Answer 11

hydration (IV, oral)
medication for lack of production, not kidney problems (a pressin)

Question 12

both SIADH and DI are associated with ______ (hormone) and _______ (electrolyte)

Answer 12

ADH and sodium

SIADH has increased ADH and decreased sodium

DI has decreased ADH and increased sodium

Question 13

hypothyroidism slows _____

Answer 13

metabolic rate

Question 14

hypothyroidism s/s

Answer 14

weight gain
intolerance to cold
constipation
cardiac decreased (HR, perfusion)
mental health changes
myxedema (face puffiness)

Question 15

hypothyroidism lab values

Answer 15

high TSH
low T3 and T4

Question 16

hypothyroidism treatments

Answer 16

lifelong medicine
hormone replacement therapy (start low, leuthyroxine/Syntraboid)
increase after 4-6 weeks
kick starts metabolism

Question 17

hyperthyroidism increases _______

Answer 17

metabolic rate

Question 18

hyperthyroidism s/s

Answer 18

goiter
bruit
exopthalmus (protruding eye)
weight loss
increased appetite
anxiety
diarrhea
intolerance to heat
confusion and agitation

Question 19

hyperthyroidism lab values

Answer 19

low TSH
high T3, T4

Question 20

hyperthyroidism treatments

Answer 20

treat underlying cause
antithyroid medications
iodine oral solution
RAI
surgery

Question 21

RAI

Answer 21

radioactive iodine therapy

takes 3 months to take effect

urine and stool precautions (b/c radioactive!)

Question 22

thyroid cancer is a common reason for

Answer 22

hyperthyroidism

Question 23

thyroid cancer s/s

Answer 23

painless, palpable nodules (malignant mass, asymptomatic)
difficulty swallowing or breathing
hemoptysis (spitting up blood)

Question 24

_____ may be faint after thyroid cancer surgery as well as low _______

Answer 24

voice faint

low calcium

Question 25

hypoparathyroidism s/s

Answer 25

electrolyte imbalance hypocalcemia dysrhythmias decreased cardiac output decreased BP

Question 26

hypoparathyroidism lab values

Answer 26

decreased parathyroid hormone, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D increased phosphorus

Question 27

hypoparathyroidism treatments

Answer 27

replace electrolytes phosphate binders will help excrete extra phosphate

Question 28

hyperparathyroidism s/s

Answer 28

electrolyte imbalances angina (ischemic chest pain) dysrythmias increased BP benign tumor

Question 29

hyperparathyroidism lab values

Answer 29

increased parathyroid hormone, calcium, magnesium & vitamin D decreased phosphorus

Question 30

hyperparathyroidism treatments

Answer 30

surgery (remove they parathyroid or whole thyroid/hypophysectomy) lithium therapy

Question 31

Addison's disease is

Answer 31

hypercorticolism

Question 32

Addison's s/s

Answer 32

anorexia/weight loss fatigue hyperpigmentation of skin (bronze) salt craving hypoglycemia GI distress mood instability body hair loss sexual dysfunction

Question 33

Addison's lab values

Answer 33

decreased ACTH, cortisol, aldosterone (which decreases sodium)

Question 34

Addison's treatments

Answer 34

medication - hormone replacement (cortisol, hydrocortisone, prednisone) dietary changes: increased salt lower potassium

Question 35

Cushing's disease is

Answer 35

hypercorticolism

Question 36

Cushing's s/s

Answer 36

weight gain muscle wasting increased body hair thin skin/purple striae back pain hyperglycemia slow wound healing

Question 37

Cushing's lab values

Answer 37

increased ACTH, cortisol, aldosterone (which increases sodium)

Question 38

Cushing's treatments

Answer 38

surgery (remove tumor/gland), medications, taper corticosteroids

Question 39

aldosterone levels run parallel at increased or decreased to

Answer 39

sodium

Question 40

hypophysectomy

Answer 40

removal of pituitary gland

Question 41

cortisol is a ______ and manages ______

Answer 41

a glucocorticoid manages stress

Question 42

aldosterone is a ______ and manages ________

Answer 42

a mineralcorticoid manages fluid/electrolytes