Disease Processes

Question 1

Define pathogenesis

Answer 1

Helps us more accurately diagnosed disease and the stage that it’s at it also helps us identify critical points to target in disease control

Question 2

What are the five classifications of infectious disease?

Answer 2

Viral
Bacterial
Fungal
Parasitic (protozoan, metazoan)
Other prions, algae

Question 3

What are the classifications for six non-infectious diseases?

Answer 3

Metabolic (pregnancy toxaemia, milk fever)

Nutritional (mineral deficiencies)

Toxicological (clover disease staggers)

Mechanical/thermal

Genetic

Allergic/autoimmune

Question 4

What three categories can diseases be classified into? And briefly describe.

Answer 4

Clinical (peracute, acute, chronic ) , Peracute means onset and resolution or death within hours, acute death within days, chronic persistent clinical signs for weeks or months.

subclinical , no advert signs of the disease manifest by reduced performance only and often subtle

Latent , infection by pathogens without clinical signs such animals are known as carriers.

Question 5

What are the three main spread and distribution of pathogens or toxins?

Answer 5

1.spread maybe terminated by host immune response
Two. Caused by localised lesions.
3.spread via lymphatics or bloodstream

Question 6

Briefly describe toxaemia

Answer 6

Widespread activation of a host defence mechanism in response to bacterial toxin, tissue injury or abnormal metabolic process. Does not include responses to ingested poisons or toxins.

Question 7

Briefly describe septaemia

Answer 7

Toxaemia plus microorganisms ((usually bacteria) multiply in the bloodstream. Must be differentiated from viremia, bateraemia and parasitismia which referred to the presence of organisms in the bloodstream

Question 8

What are the 5 clinical signs of toxaemia and septaemia?

Answer 8

Depression, fever, rapid week pulse, cardiovascular collapse, terminal coma or convulsions before death, ill thrift if chronic

Question 9

What are the three stages of fever and briefly describe?

Answer 9

Increment (set temperature increased, cold animal, heat generation, heat conservation)

Fastigium (hot and cold, loss of fine control)

Decrement (temperature back to normal, hot animal, heat loss)

Question 10

What are the three main consequences of disease on economics?

Answer 10

One loss of production (both both quantity or quality of the animal may be reduced by the mechanism… Think worm infestation, tick infestation)

Loss of control (this includes cost of disease, surveillance prevention and treatment )

Loss of markets (the presence of a disease can lead to loss of markets in both domestic and international markets… Exotic diseases such as lumpy skin disease )