Disease Prevention Flashcards
what is a care plan
blueprint or guide that coordinates all treatment
what is the preliminary phase
emergency only review pg 1 still
Steps in Learning-Ladder or Decision-Making Continuum
- Unawareness or Ignorance
- Awareness
- Self-Interest
- Involvement
- Action
6.Habit or commitment
Learning-Ladder or Decision-Making Continuum:
1. Unawareness or Ignorance
client lacks information or has incorrect information about the problem
Learning-Ladder or Decision-Making Continuum:
2. Awareness
Client knows a problem exists but does not act on this knowledge
Learning-Ladder or Decision-Making Continuum:
3. Self- Interest
the client recognizes the problem and has an inclination towards change
Learning-Ladder or Decision-Making Continuum:
4. Involvement
Client attitude and feelings are affected, desire for additional knowledge
Learning-Ladder or Decision-Making Continuum:
5. Action
new behaviours directed toward solving the problem are instituted
Learning-Ladder or Decision-Making Continuum:
6.Habit or Commitment
new behaviours are practiced over a period, become a lifestyle change
Trans-theoretical model steps
- precontemplation
- contemplation
- preparation
- action
- maintenance
Trans-theoretical model:
1. Precontemplation
client has no intention of making a change within the next 6 months
Trans-theoretical model
2. Contemplation
client intends to make a change within the next 6 months
Trans-theoretical model:
3.Preparation
client intends to make a change within the next 30 days and has taken some behavioural steps In this decision
Trans-theoretical model:
4.Action
the client has practiced changed behaviours for less than 6 months
Trans-theoretical model:
5. Maintenance
the client has practiced changed behaviours for more than 6 months
learning domain: cognitive
concerned with the knowledge outcomes and the client’s intellectual abilities and skills
learning domain: affectice
concerned with the clients attitudes, interests, appreciation and modes of interest
learning domain: psychomotor
concerned with the client’s technical skills or motor skills
Health belief model is based on
based on the concept that one’s beliefs direct behaviour. (what they believe happens)
Health belief model: susceptibility
clients must believe they are susceptible to a particular disease/condition
Health belief model: severity
clients must believe that if they get the particular disease/condition, consequences will be severe
Health belief model: asymptomatic nature of disease
clients must believe that a disease may be present without their being fully aware of it
Health belief model: benefit of behaviour change
clients must believe that the effective means of preventing or controlling problem exists
agent-host-environment theory
theory that disease is a result of an imbalance in one or all three factors:
- agent
-host
-environment
Primary prevention
targets risk factors
involves techniques and agents to forestall onset and reverse the progress of the disease or
arrest the disease process before treatment becomes necessary
primary prevention intention is
to reduce or eliminate risk factors
primary prevention examples
plaque removal, use of fluoride, sugar discipline, sealants
secondary prevention
routine tx methods to prevent injury/disease once exposure to risk factors occurs. but still in early “preclinical” stage.
secondary prevention intention is
early identification [through screening and treatment]]
secondary prevention examples
screening and deep scaling, restorations, periodontal debridement, endodontics
teritiary prevention
involves using measures to replace lost tissues and rehabilitate patients so physical capabilities and/or mental attitudes are as near to normal as possible after secondary prevention has failed
tertiary prevention intention is
to prevent sequelae (after effect of disease)
tertiary prevention examples
prosthodontics, implants
primordial prevention
targets social and economic policies and factors that impact health
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory
suggest that inner force drives a person to action. and only when a client’s lower needs are met will the client become concerned about the higher-level needs
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs classified
- self actualization
- esteem
- love and belonging
- safety needs
- physiological needs
**Bass or Sulcular Method recommended for
also what about modified bass
periodontal patients
**Bass or Sulcular Method angulation
45 degree angle to the gingival 1/3 (margin)
***what does Bass or Sulcular Method do
disrupts biofilm, good gingival stimulation, effective control technique
*Stillman’s method indicated for
gingival stimulation + recession
look at ur slides to add more tom
how to do stillman’s method*
position bristles on attached gingiva, direct apically at 45 degree angle to the long axis
*how to roll method
roll or sweep bristles, often used in combination with bass, charters, or stillman’s method
*how to charters method
position bristles toward occlusal surfaces, move in short strokes
*charters method is ideal for
orthodontics
leonard method*
throw off
fones methods*
circular brushing, children
power assisted toothbrushes are indicated for: (6)
-children
-physically and mentally challenged
-elderly
-arthritic patients
-poorly motivated individuals
-implant care
hard tissue variables are (4)
tooth position
root anatomy
status of restoration
prostheses
client variables
level manual dexterity
adherence
skill development
personal preference
TYPE 1 EMBRASURE
embrasures are occupied by interdental papillae
TYPE 2 EMBRASURE
embrasures have slight to moderate recession of interdental papillae
TYPE 3 EMBRASURE
embrasures have an extensive recession or complete loss of interdental papillae
dental floss effectivenesss
floss is the primary recommendation but patient compliance Is low
flossing may not be as effective for which patients ?
perio patients: recession, attachment loss, size of gingival embrasure space are limiting factors
floss indications for use
patient with type 1 embrasure space and excellent compliance
floss holder recommended for
physically challenged,
*caregivers providing oral hygiene care
floss holder indications
type 1 embrasure, pt is motivated but has dexterity challenges
tufted dental floss use
under pontics of bridges or ortho appliances
tufted dental floss indications
type 2 embrasure spaces, fixed bridges, distal surface of last tooth, proximal surface or widely spaced teeth
- under pontics of bridges or ortho apliances
interdental brush indications
-type 2 or 3 embrasure spaces
-distal surface of last tooth
- exposed class 4 furcations
- embrasure spaces with exposed root concavities
-ortho appliances, prostheses, dental implants
for interdental brushes be cautious because the
inner wire must be plastic coated to avoid scratching cementum or implant oxide layer
end tuft brush indicated for
type 3 embrasure spaces,
*hard to access areas: 3rd molars, crowded teeth
lingual of mandibular teeth
open proximal spaces
exposed furcation
fixed partial dentures, pontics, ortho
pipe cleaner indications for use
type 3 embrasure
exposed furcation areas that permit insertion
*what is the best choice for exposed class 4 furcations
wooden toothpick in holder
wooden toothpick in holder indications
exposed class 4 furcations*
interdental cleaning- concave proximal surfaces
biofilm removal at ginigival margins above ortho appliances
root concavities
type 2 or 3 embrasure
wooden wedge shape
triangular , made from birch
wooden wedge indication
interdental areas with exposed root surfaces (recession)
type 2 + 3 embrasure
rubber tip stimulator indications
after perio surgery
rubber tip simulator is used for
massaging the gingiva to improve blood circulation, increase keratinization and provide epithelial thickening
- can do plaque removal but not the primary use
things responsible for halitosis
voilate sulfur compounds- family of gasses
hydrogen sulfide
methyl mercaptan
tongue cleaning is indicated to remove
the bulk of voilate sulfur compounds forming bacteria and debris which accumulate mostly within filiform papillae and on the back of tongue
90% of oral malodor orginates from
mouth and oropharynx
10% of oral malodor originates from
systemic disorders
contributing factors to oral malodor
oral dryness from alcohol, medications, caffeine, smoking
post nasal drip, nasal odor
perio infections, overnight denture wearing
therapy for controlling oral malodor
tongue cleaning *
abstain from tobacco alcohol and caffeine
stimulate salivary flow by chewing gum, xylitol, antimicrobrial agents, sugar free sprays/breath fresheners/drops
nasal sprays or humidifiers
dentifrice for caries
fluoride
dentifrice for tartor control
pyrophosphates
leading cause of dentinal hypersensitivity
pyrophosphates
dentifrices for antihypersensitivity
- potassium nitrate
- strontium chloride
-sodium citrate
dentifrices for antibacterial
triclosan
dentifrices for whitening
carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide
(carbamide peroxide breaks down hydrogen peroxide and urea
in essential oils, you should assume there is _____ unless otherwise stated
alcohol