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HISTOLOGY > DENTAL RADIOLOGY > Flashcards

DENTAL RADIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Before ordering or prescribing x-rays, what must happen

A

dentist must examine their patients and determine what radiographs are needed

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2
Q

how often should radiographs be taken

A

depends on patient need

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3
Q

no radiograph should be retaken until

A

a thorough investigation reveals the exact cause of the error and the appropriate corrective action is identified

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4
Q

how do xrays work

A

the line current is alternating (60cycles/second) so the polarity of the x-ray tube alternates and the x-ray beam is generated as a series of pulses

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5
Q

dont PANIC

A

positive is anode negative is cathode

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6
Q

how are radiographs washed?

A

in running water to ensure removal of thiosulfate ions and silver thiosulfate complexes that stain the film if left

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7
Q

what does slob stand for

A

same lingual opposite buccal

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8
Q

foreshortening results from

A

vertical angulation too great
OVERangulation of the x-ray beam
too much vertical angulation

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9
Q

elongation results when

A

vertical angulation is too small
UNDERANGULATION of the x ray beam

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10
Q

what does ALARA stand for

A

as low as reasonably achievable

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11
Q

what is the most common tumor

A

odontoma

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12
Q

X-ray tube made of what? and why?

A

leaded glass because Xray cant pass through lead

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13
Q

why is tube head surrounded by oil?

A

oil conducts heat, will help to dissipate the heat

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14
Q

filament is in _____ and made of_____

A

filament is in cathode and made of tungsten

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15
Q

why is tungsten used

A

metal that has the highest melting point

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16
Q

more x rays =

A

more density , darker

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17
Q

radiographic density is

A

the overall degree of darkening of exposed film

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18
Q

energy is

A

mA (milliamperage)

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19
Q

increase in mA

A

darker film

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20
Q

decrease in mA

A

lighter film

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21
Q

anode is made of ___beacause

A

tungsten because it can withstand high temperatures

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22
Q

anode aka

A

tungsten target

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23
Q

kvp measures

A

speed of electrons

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24
Q

increasing kvp(speed) will increase

A

penetrating power of the xrays

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25
Q

increase kvp

A

darker film

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26
Q

decrease kvp

A

lighter film

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27
Q

more exposure time = more xrays hitting

A

more Xrays hitting the receptor

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28
Q

increase exposure time

A

darker film

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29
Q

decrease exposure time

A

lighter film

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30
Q

increase :
KVP
mA
exposure time

A

darker film

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31
Q

decrease :
KVP
mA
exposure time

A

lighter film

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32
Q

what gives better quality xrays : short or long wavelengths

A

short wavelengths

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33
Q

aluminum filter does what

A

filters out the long wavelengths

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34
Q

problem with rectangular collimator

A

cone cut

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35
Q

inverse square law

A

increasing distance of pid will decrease intensity

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36
Q

on panoramic machines you cant control

A

exposure time

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37
Q

quality of beam refers to

A

how good the image is

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38
Q

quality of beam is affected by

A

kVp
filtration

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39
Q

quantity of beam is affected by

A

mA

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40
Q

increasing distance between focal spot and film

A

decrease density

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41
Q

decreasing distance between focal spot and film

A

increase density

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42
Q

the most popular digital detector

A

charge-coupled device (CCD)

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43
Q

the faster the film the less

A

the less exposure it needs

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44
Q

silver halide salts are in

A

the emulsion

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45
Q

the coronoid process can be seen in what radiograph

A

maxillary molar PA

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46
Q

x/y formation is found on what radiograph

A

max PA of canine

47
Q

inverted Y is radiopaque

48
Q

PDL is radiolucent or radiopaque?

A

radiolucent

49
Q

pulp horn is radiolucent or radiopaque?

A

radiolucent

50
Q

lamina dura is radiolucent or radiopaque?

A

radiopaque

51
Q

zygomatic is what shape

A

U or J shaped

52
Q

medial palatal suture looks like

A

a fracture line, radiolucent line located between maxillary central incisors

53
Q

incisive foramen, is radiolucent or radiopaque?

A

hole in the bone, radiolucent , between max central incisors

54
Q

incisive foramen aka

A

nasopalatine foramen

55
Q

nasal septum

A

radiopaque, right above the roots of max central incisors

56
Q

nasal fossa aka ____ is is radiolucent or radiopaque?

A

nostrils, radiolucent , separated by nasal septum

57
Q

buccainator crest

58
Q

External oblique ridge

A

found on posterior mandibular PA, radiopaque structure

59
Q

mylohyoid ridge

A

below the external oblique ridge, radiopaque

60
Q

submandibular gland fossa

A

below the mylohyoid, diffused (not well-defined) radiolucent area

61
Q

what runs into the mandibular canal

62
Q

mandibular canal

A

tube like structure

63
Q

mental foramen

A

radiolucent, circular, around apices of first and second premolar . (mandibular)

64
Q

mental ridge

A

lower ant PA
linear radiopacity

65
Q

genial tubercle is radiolucent or radiopaque?

A

radiopaque

66
Q

lingual foramen is radiolucent or radiopaque?

A

radiolucent, in the middle of the genial tubercle

67
Q

SLOB is for locating

A

foreign objects in the oral cavity

68
Q

the imaginary bisector is perpendicular to the

A

bisecting angle

69
Q

in the paralleling technique, the receptor is moved farther away from the tooth because

A

the receptor can get parallel with the long axis of the tooth

70
Q

why is the parallel technique the preferred technique

A

less distortion

71
Q

to increase the positive angulation

A

PID pointing down

72
Q

to increase negative angulation

A

PID pointing up

73
Q

less than 90 degrees

A

foreshortening

74
Q

more than 90 degrees

A

elongation

75
Q

overlap is a ____ alignment error

A

horizontal alignment error

76
Q

to fix the overlap you move the tube head

A

move the tube head more mesially

77
Q

underexposed makes ______ image

A

light image

78
Q

overexposed makes ______ image

A

darker image

79
Q

reverse smile line (frown) on pan

A

chin is too high

80
Q

too much smiling on pan

A

patients chin is too low

81
Q

in pan if the patient is too close the image will be

A

image will be too far

82
Q

in pan if the patient is too far away the image will be

A

image will be too close

83
Q

roentgen measures how much

A

radiation is produced

84
Q

before taking x rays on the pregnant patient you have to

A

talk to the OBGYN get consultation first

85
Q

safest trimester for dental work

A

2
4-6 months preggo

86
Q

most often area for ameloblastoma

A

mandible most often in molar-ascending ramus area 80-85%

87
Q

ameloblastoma is usually benign but is very aggressive

88
Q

periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia is radiolucent but in a few years can turn

A

radiopaque

89
Q

periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia affects who the most

A

middle-aged black females

90
Q

florid cemento-osseous dysplasia

A

involves no teeth

91
Q

focal cemento-osseous dysplasia affects who the most

A

middle-aged white female

92
Q

all teeth involved with cemento-osseous dysplasia are vital or nonvital

93
Q

pagets disease appearance

A

cotton wool

94
Q

most common cyst

A

periapical cyst

95
Q

dentigerous cyst aka

A

follicular cyst

96
Q

highest recurrence rate cyst

A

odontogenic keratocystic

97
Q

dentigerous cyst tx

A

remove tooth then curettage

98
Q

what is the most common non-odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity

A

nasopalatine duct cyst

99
Q

a dense, vertical radiopacity separating two paired oval radiolucencies were observed in the maxillary anterior region

A

nasal septum

100
Q

large paired oval radiolucencies separated by a dense, vertical radiopacity observed in the maxillary anterior region

A

max anterior nasal cavity

101
Q

a thin radiolucent line resembling a fracture observed between the maxillary anterior region

A

median palatal suture

102
Q

a round or pear shaped radiolucency observed between the maxillary central incisors

A

incisive foramen

103
Q

a broad U-shaped radiopacity was observed superimposed over the maxillary posterior teeth roots

A

zygomatic process of maxilla

104
Q

a radiopaque downward projection of the bone that appears pointed or hook-like observed in the far posterior region of the maxilla

105
Q

a large triangular-shaped radiopacity was observed superimposed over the maxillary tuberosity region

A

coronoid process

106
Q

a large radiolucency outline by a thin radiopaque border that is observed in almost all the periapical radiographs of the maxilla, from the canine posteriorly

A

maxillary sinus

107
Q

a very small round radiolucency observed in the midline apical (below) the mandibular incisors

A

lingual foramen

108
Q

a horizontal radiopaque line extending from the premolar region to the symphysis

A

mental ridge

109
Q

a round radiolucency that resembles an abscess observed near the apex of the second premolar

A

mental foramen

110
Q

a horizontal radiopaque line was observed in the mandibular posterior region superimposed across the molar roots

A

oblique ridge

111
Q

another horizontal radiopaque line observed in the mandibular posterior region but inferior to the oblique ridge. the line observed is inferior to the molar roots

A

mylohyoid ridge

112
Q

a large irregularly shaped radiolucency observed below the mylohyloid ridge

A

submandibular fossa

113
Q

penumbra

A

area of unsharpness/lack of sharp detail

114
Q

Which combination of film speed and collimation for dental imaging will result in the lowest dose to the patient?

A

F-speed film with rectangular collimation

HISTOLOGY (9 decks)

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