Disease of Immunity Flashcards
What are the 3 disorders of the immune system?
Hypersensitivity reactions
Autoimmune diseases
Immunodeficiency diseases
Does hypersensitivity happen only after the host had encountered the specific antigen before?
Yes
Is immunodeficiency diseases a genetic or acquired defect?
both la
How many types of hypersensitivity are there?
4
Which type(s) of hypersensitivity have antibodies involved?
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Which antibodies are involved in type 1, type 2 and type 3 respectively?
Type 1
-> IgE
Type 2 & 3
-> IgM & IgG
Can a disease associated with hypersensitivity reactions involve more than 1 type of hypersensitivity?
Yes
What is the cell involved in early stages?
What are the 4 cells involved in late stages?
Early
-> Mast cells
Late
-> Neutrophils
-> Eosinophils
-> Macrophage
-> Lymphocytes
What are the 3 main early reactions in type 1 hypersensitivity?
Mast cell degranulation
-> release of preformed vasoactive substances
Vasodilation & Vascular congestion
Edema
What are the differences between primary ( preformed ) mediators and secondary ( newly synthesized ) mediators?
Primary mediators
-> already stored in granules of Mast cells
-> rapidly released
- -> immediate effects
Secondary mediators
-> synthesized / modified after activated
What are 4 examples of primary mediators of Mast cells?
Vasoactive
-> histamine
Chemotactic factors
Enzyme
-> protease
Proteoglycans
What are 2 examples of secondary mediators of Mast cells?
Cytokines
-> IL- 4, 5, 6
-> TNF - alpha
PAF ( platelet - activating factor )
What is the downside of degranulation of eosinophils in type 1 hypersensitivity?
Enzymes released don’t only harm target but also normal cells
What is anaphylactoid reaction and what is the main difference between it and anaphylaxis?
Non
No prior sensitization required for anaphylactoid reaction
Is Th1 or Th2 favored in type 1 hypersensitivity?
Th2
What does pruritus mean?
Itchy
Allergic dermatitis is a cutaneous manifestation of a type ? hypersensitivity reaction?
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Which layer of epithelium will be thickened during allergic dermatitis?
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
When we see collagenolysis, which cells should first come to our mind that caused it?
Mast cell degranulation
-> release protease?
Tumor cell?
What stain is used for staining Mast cells?
Which part of mast cell does it stain?
Toluidine blue stain
-> stains Mast cells’ granules
What is the main antibodies found in type 2 hypersensitivity?
IgG
IgM
What are 2 types of antigen attacked by antibodies in type 2 hypersensitivity?
Endogenous
-> Altered self - protein
Exogenous
->Foreign antigen binding to cell
–> Hapten
What are the 2 types of cell destruction of type 2 hypersensitivity?
ADCC
-> antibody - dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Complement - mediated lysis
-> MAC
–> Membrane attack complex
What is the major cell studied in type 2 hypersensitivity?
Blood cells
