Circulatory & Hemodynamic disorder Flashcards
What is edema?
H2O shifts from intravascular / intracellular to the interstitial space
What is hyperemia?
Active increase in flow
What is congestion?
Decreased out flow
Increased venous hydrostatic pressure
What is hemostasis?
A physiological response to seal an injured vessel and prevent bleeding
What is thrombosis?
Blood clots that blocks blood flow
What is embolus?
Abnormal detached traveling intravascular mass
What is infarction?
Area of Necrosis after blood flow decreased
What is shock?
Cardiovascular collapse / failure of circulation
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Hydrostatic pressure is the force created the pumping of the heart that pushes plasma out to interstitial place
Arrange the following by highest hydrostatic pressure to lowest.
Arteries / Capillaries / Veins
Arteries > Capillaries > Veins
What is colloid osmotic pressure?
Colloid osmotic pressure is the force that holds water in the vessel, mainly by Albumin & sodium
Which factor mainly determines the difference between exudate and transudate?
Membrane permeability
Determine if the following factors has to increase or decrease in order to causes edema.
Vascular permeability
Intravascular hydrostatic pressure
Intravascular osmotic pressure
Lymphatic drainage
Vascular permeability (I)
Intravascular hydrostatic pressure (I)
Intravascular osmotic pressure (D)
Lymphatic drainage (D)
What is effusions?
Increased fluid in body cavities
What is anasarca?
Total body edema
What does left and right heart failure cause?
Left heart failure : Lung edema
Right heart failure : Ascites
Why causes cardiac edema?
And how to stop it?
Left heart failure
-> Lung edema
-> Right heart failure
-> Ascites
-> Reduced blood pressure in arteries
-> Renin - angiotensin
Drugs that promote urine production breaks the cycle of keeping fluid in the body
What causes hepatic edema?
Portal hypertension
Hypoalbuminemia : Reduce albumin production
What causes Renal edema?
Sodium retention
Glomerulopathy
->Leakage of protein through glomerulus
-> Hypoalbuminemia
Which bacteria could release toxin that destroy endothelial cells and causes exudate?
E. coli
What are the 5 types of congestions?
Acute local congestion
Chronic local congestion
Acute general congestion
Chronic general congestion
Hypostatic congestion
What causes acute local congestion?
Torsion
What happens where spleen had congestion before?
Spleen enlargement
Hemosiderin-laden macrophage
Brown induration ( Fibrosis )
Siderotic plaques
What causes chronic local congestion?
Tumor, abscess, cirrhosis (Hard liver)
What causes acute general congestion?
Acute heart failure
Hydrothorax
What causes chronic general congestion?
Chronic heart disease
What happens to Liver after right heart failed?
Liver congestion
Explain liver congestion
Vena cava congestion causes congestion in central vein
Central vein area receives less O2 than portal triad due to the presence of hepatic artery
What is the difference in lung between acute general congestion and chronic general congestion?
Acute general congestion : Lung edema
Chronic general congestion : Hemosiderin-laden macrophages