Disease Introduction

Question 1

Disease

Answer 1

The absence of health

Dyshomeostatis

an imbalance

Abnormal structure and function

Question 2

Epidemiologic Triad

Answer 2

Question 3

Host Factors Affecting Disease

Answer 3

• Species
• Heredity - genetic component
• Age
• Gender
• Host response mechanisms
  
  • Immunity and inflammation
  • Healing, repair, adaptation
• Anatomic barriers
• Microbiome
• Mental Status

Question 4

Environmental Factors Affecting Disease

Answer 4

Management Conditions - lots of animals in a small space

Location - pole vs. equator

Climate - temp, humidity, extremes

Nutrition - food

Water

Humans

Question 5

Etiologic Factors Affecting Disease

Answer 5

Physical injury

Chemicals/Toxins

Disease agents/pathogens - Microorganisms, Nutrients, Toxins, Physical Factors of the infectious agent

Question 6

Outcomes of Disease

Answer 6

Return to health

Ongoing disease

Death

Question 7

Investigation of Disease

Answer 7

• Ecosystems (environmental health)
• Populations (epidemiology)
• Animal (clinical signs - individual)
• Organs and Tissues (gross pathology)
• Cellular (Microscopic pathology)
• Chemical (Clinical Pathology)
• Molecular (molecular pathology)
• Etiology (Cause)

Question 8

Pathology

Answer 8

The study of Disease

Not healthy = Pathology

• the study of the cause and effects of disease
• Understanding the impact of and insult on
  
  • animals
  • Organs and tissues
  • cells
  • chemicals
  • molecules
• The bridge between basic and clinical sciences
  
  • is examines the onset and progression of disease
  • Forms the basis for clinical practice

Question 9

Key elements of Pathology

Answer 9

Understanding normal

Pathology is a continuous process

Host responses are highly interrelated

Terminology is important

The cell is the fundamental unit

Pathology occurs in recognizable patterns

Question 10

A Continuous process

Answer 10

The appearance of a disease changes over time

Pathology is not “dead” it si a dynamic process

Question 11

Pathogenesis

Answer 11

The disease story

• The process of initiation and progression of a disease
  
  • cause
  • Functional change
  • Morphologic change
  • Clinical signs

Question 12

Responses are Interrelated

Answer 12

Many different host response mechanisms work collectively in response to disease

Nothing occurs in a vacuum

Question 13

Meningoencephalomyelitis

Answer 13

• Meningo - menemgies of the brain
• Encephalo - Brain
• Myelo - Spinal Cord
• Itis - Inflammation

This means inflammation of the menengies, brain, and spinal cord

Question 14

Diagnosis

Answer 14

Conclusion about the cause, characteristics, lesions, or name of a disease

• Clinical Diagnosis
• Morphologic diagnosis
• Differential diagnosis
• Disease diagnosis

Correct terminology is critical to accurately communicate a diagnosis

Question 15

Cell is the Unit of Pathology

Answer 15

Cells are the building block of tissues and organs

Cellualr disease is reflected in abnormal tissue and organ structure and function

Groups of cells = organs/tissues

Question 16

Cells

Answer 16

Can also be studied at a molecular level

Ultrastructural pathology

Molecular pathology

Genetic basis of disease

Question 17

Basic patterns of Pathology

Answer 17

Cell alterations and injury

Vascular disturbances

Inflammation and repair

Immunologic distrubances

Neoplasia

Developmental distrubances

Metabolic distrubances