disease focus

Question 1

abnormally heightened immune responses

Answer 1

hypersensitivities

Question 2

depressed responses immune system

Answer 2

immunodeficiencies

immune deficiencies

Question 3

mmune system fails to recognize its own tissue

Answer 3

autoimmunity

Question 4

he branch of medicine that studies blood cells

Answer 4

hematology

Question 5

physician who specializes in hematology

Answer 5

hematologist

Question 6

the branch of medicine involving disorders of the immune system

Answer 6

allergy and immunology

Question 7

Physicians who specialize in immunity

Answer 7

allergists

immunologists

Question 8

deficiency in the number of erythrocytes

Answer 8

erythropenia

Question 9

defective hemoglobin molecule

Answer 9

hemoglobinopathy

Question 10

Sickle cells are fragile and easily break apart (________)

Answer 10

hemolyze

Question 11

sickle cell sickness

Answer 11

sickle cell crisis

Question 12

Serious form of anemia associated with bone marrow failure, resulting in erythropenia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia

Answer 12

aplastic anemia

Question 13

Inability to produce sufficient red blood cells (RBCs) because of the lack of folic acid, a B vitamin essential for erythropoiesis

Answer 13

folic acid deficiency anemia

Question 14

Destruction of RBCs, commonly resulting in jaundice

Answer 14

hemolytic anemia

Question 15

Lack of sufficient iron in RBCs

Answer 15

iron-deficiency anemia

Question 16

Chronic, progressive anemia found mostly in people older than age 50 resulting from a lack of sufficient vitamin B12 needed for blood cell development

Answer 16

pernicious anemia

Question 17

Inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become crescent- or sickle-shaped when oxygen levels are low

Answer 17

sickle cell anemia

Question 18

an acquired abnormal immune response

Answer 18

allergy

Question 19

initial exposure to an allergy

Answer 19

sensitization

Question 20

allergen

Answer 20

antigen

Question 21

hives

Answer 21

urticaria

Question 22

hardened tissue from allergen

Answer 22

indurated

Question 23

allergy shots

Answer 23

immunotherapy

Question 24

own antigens found on cells and tissues

Answer 24

autoantigens

Question 25

autoimmune disorders range from those that affect only a single organ to those that affect many organs and systems

Answer 25

multisystemic

Question 26

latencies in a disorder

Answer 26

remissions

Question 27

oncological disorder of blood and blood-forming organs and is characterized by an overgrowth (proliferation) of blood cells

Answer 27

leukemia

Question 28

Infectious disease caused the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that destroys the CD4 (helper T) cells of the immune system to such an extent that the patient falls victim to infections that usually do not affect healthy individuals (opportunistic infections)

Answer 28

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Question 29

Any disruption or impairment in the ability to form blood clots or control bleeding

Answer 29

coagulation disorders

Question 30

Abnormal blood clotting in small vessels throughout the body that cuts off the supply of oxygen to distal tissues, resulting in damage to body organs

Answer 30

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Question 31

Congenital hereditary disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factor

Answer 31

hemophilia

Question 32

Abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets or their increased destruction in the blood vessels, spleen, or liver

Answer 32

thrombocytopenia

Question 33

Process in which a recipient’s immune system identifies the transplanted graft as “foreign” and attacks or destroys it

Answer 33

graft rejection

Question 34

Complication that occurs following a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the transplant produces antibodies against the recipient’s organs, commonly severely enough to cause death

Answer 34

graft-versus-host disease

Question 35

Any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule

Answer 35

hemoglobinopathy

Question 36

Acute infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that primarily affects young adults and children and causes fatigue, malaise, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy of the neck or armpits

Answer 36

infectious mononucleosis

Question 37

Cancer caused by the human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) that mainly affects the skin and mucous membranes but may also cause extensive visceral organ involvement

Answer 37

Kaposi sarcoma

Question 38

Swelling, primarily in a single arm or leg, resulting from an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels

Answer 38

lymphedema

Question 39

Any malignancy involving lymphocytes (B cells, T cells, or both) that commonly affects lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissue

Answer 39

lymphoma

Question 40

Malignancy of B cells that occurs in lymph nodes of the neck or chest and may spread to nearby lymph nodes and the spleen and sometimes to the bone marrow

Answer 40

Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 41

Any malignancy of B cells, T cells, or NK cells that does not involve Reed-Sternberg cells

Answer 41

non hodgkin lymphoma

Question 42

Malignancy of the bone marrow that affects plasma cells, leading to proliferation of abnormal antibodies, destruction of healthy bone marrow cells, and weakening of bone tissue

Answer 42

multiple myeloma

Question 43

Presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood

Answer 43

sepsis

Question 44

Widespread autoimmune disease that affects the skin, brain, kidneys, and joints and causes chronic inflammation; also called discoid lupus if symptoms are limited to the skin

Answer 44

systemic lupus erythematosus (

Question 45

Overproduction of platelets, leading to thrombosis or bleeding disorders as a result of platelet malformations

Answer 45

thrombocythemia