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med term exam 2 > cardiovascular diseases > Flashcards

cardiovascular diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

A

aneurysm

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2
Q

Chest pain caused by obstructions or spasms of the coronary arteries that decrease blood flow to the myocardium

A

angina

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3
Q

Irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart

A

arrhythmia

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4
Q

Abnormally slow heart rate, usually fewer than 60 beats per minute in a resting adult

A

bradycardia

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5
Q

Abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or the ventricles

A

fibrillation

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6
Q

Interference with the normal transmission of electrical impulses from the SA node to the Purkinje fibers

A

heart block

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7
Q

Abnormally fast but regular rhythm, with the heart possibly beating up to 200 beats/minute

A

tachycardia

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8
Q

Soft, blowing sound heard on auscultation and associated valvular action, the movement of blood as it passes an obstruction, or both; also called murmur

A

bruit

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9
Q

Disease / weakening of heart muscle

diminishes cardiac function

A

cardiomyopathy

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10
Q

Narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta

A

coarctation

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11
Q

Intravascular mass that dislodges from one part of the body and causes a blockage in another area

A

embolism

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12
Q

Disorder that occurs when the heart is unable to effectively pump the quantity of blood required by the body

A

heart failure

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13
Q

Excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood

A

hyperlipidemia

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14
Q

progressive degenerative disease of arterial walls that causes them to become thickened and brittle

A

Arteriosclerosis

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15
Q

buildup of a plaquelike substance composed of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris

A

atheroma

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16
Q

what does an artheroma turn into when it hardens

A

atherosclerosis

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17
Q

aterial emboli that completely block circulation and cause tissue death

A

infarction

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18
Q

partial blocking of circulation that causes local tissue anemia

A

ischemia

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19
Q

chest pain and tightness

A

angina

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20
Q

excessive sweating

A

diaphoresis

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21
Q

paralysis on one side of the body

A

hemiplegia

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22
Q

muscle pain from arteriosclerosis

A

myalgia

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23
Q

excessive fatty substances in the blood

A

hyperlipidemia

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24
Q

drugs that slow down fat buildup

A

statins

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25
Q

drugs that control blood pressure

A

antihypertensives

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26
Q
A
27
Q

surgical removal of fatty acid deposits from the inside of the artery

A

endarterectomy

28
Q

Any disease that interferes with the ability of the coronary arteries to supply blood to the myocardium

A

coronary artery disease

29
Q

An inadequate blood supply to the myocardium

A

ischemia

30
Q

tissue death

A

necrosis

31
Q

necrosis of the heart muscle

A

myocardial infarction

32
Q

is an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart and its valves

A

Endocarditis

33
Q

an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart and its valves. It is usually caused by bacteria

A

infective endocarditis

34
Q

bacteria and other cellular material clumps

A

vegetations

35
Q

valve narrowing

A

valve stenosis

36
Q

impeding blood flow to the ventricle or not to close properly on the left side of the heart

A

mitral valve insufficiency

37
Q

backflow of blood into the atrium

A

regurgitation

38
Q

mechanical device or one made of human or animal tissue

A

bioprosthetic

39
Q

antibiotic treatment when endocarditis to protect against infection before invasive procedures

A

prophylactic treatment

40
Q

enlarged, engorged, twisted, superficial veins.

A

varicose veins

41
Q

when the valves of the veins do not function properly

A

incompetent

42
Q

Varicose veins

A

varicies

43
Q

varicies in the rectum

A

hemorrhoids

44
Q

inflammation of the vein

A

phlebitis

45
Q

Destroying the tissue within the vein

A

endovenous ablation

46
Q

treatment to destroy the vein wall and coagulate blood inside the vessel so that it will seal (varicose veins)

heat or lasers:
extreme cold:
chemicals:

A

radiofrequency ablation

cryoablation

sclerotherapy

47
Q

the most common primary tumor of the heart is composed of mucous connective tissue

A

myxoma

48
Q

fluid in the lungs

A

pulmonary edema

49
Q

joint pain

A

arthralgia

50
Q

malignancy originating in another area of the body

A

primary tumor

51
Q

tumor spreading

A

metastasizes

52
Q

darkly pigmented mole or tumor

A

malignant melanoma

53
Q

Elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg

A

hypertension

54
Q

Low blood pressure persistently lower than 90/60 mm Hg

A

hypotension

55
Q

Structural defect in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction (systole), resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

A

mitral valve prolapse

56
Q

Sensation of an irregular heartbeat, commonly described as pounding, racing, skipping a beat, or flutter

A

palpitation

57
Q

Common circulatory disorder characterized by a reduced flow of blood to the extremities, especially the legs, resulting in muscle cramping and pain, and commonly the result of atherosclerosis

A

peripheral artery disease

58
Q

Inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of the arms or legs (more commonly the legs)

A

phlebitis

59
Q

Serious pathological condition resulting from rheumatic fever, commonly causing permanent scarring of the heart valves, especially the mitral valve

A

rheumatic heart disease

60
Q

Partial or complete loss of consciousness usually caused by a decreased supply of blood to the brain; also called faintin

A

syncope

61
Q

Abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formation and is within the blood

A

thrombosis

62
Q

Blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs

A

deep vein thrombosis

63
Q
A

med term exam 2 (9 decks)

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