Disease and the Immune response Flashcards
Define the term communicable disease
Diseases that can be passes from one organism to another of the same or different species
Define the term pathogen
Microorganisms that cause disease
State the 4 different types of pathogen and give 3 examples of each.
Bacteria- TB, bacterial meningitis, ringrot
Virus- HIV/AIDS, influenza, tobacco mosaic virus
Fungus- Black sigatoka, ringworm, Athlete’s foot
Protoctist- Potato/tomato blight, Malaria
Describe the 2 ways of classifying bacteria and state the different types of bacteria in each way.
- Basic shape- rod shape (bacilli), spherical (cocci)
- Cell wall- Gram staining- gram positive bacteria are purple/blue under microscope (MRSA), gram negative appear red (E.coli)
Draw, label and annotate a diagram of a generalised virus.
- Genetic material surrounded by protein coat
Draw and label a series of diagrams to describe the general reproductive cycle of a virus.
- Attach to the host cell- requires receptor molecule on virus and molecule on cell surface- complementary shape- specific- infect 1 type of cell
- Insertion of viral nucleic acid
- Replication of viral nucleic acid in the cell
- Synthesis of viral protein- using host cell’s ribosomes
- Assembly of virus particles
- lysis of host cells (burst the host cell)
Describe 5 general ways in which pathogens can damage host tissue, thereby causing harm.
- Virus- take over cell metabolism
- Protoctists- take over cells and break them open- don’t take over genetic material, just digest and use the cell contents as they reproduce
- Fungi- digest living cells and destroy them
- Bacteria- produce toxins that poison or damage the host cells causing disease- some break down cell membrane, some damage or inactivate enzymes and some interfere with genetic material so cell can’t divide
- Fungi- some produce toxins which affect host cells and cause disease
Identify the host species of, and the type of pathogen causing, the following disease ring rot
- Host- potatoes/ tomatoes
2. Pathogen- bacterium
Identify the host species of, and the type of pathogen causing, the following disease tobacco mosaic virus
- Host- plants (tobacco plants especially)
2. Virus
Identify the host species of, and the type of pathogen causing, the following disease potato blight
- Host- potatoes
2. protoctist
Identify the host species of, and the type of pathogen causing, the following disease black sigatoka
- Host- banana plants
2. Fungus
Identify the host species of, and the type of pathogen causing, the following disease Tuberculosis
- Host- animals- humans and cattle
2. Bacteria
Identify the host species of, and the type of pathogen causing, the following disease bacterial meningitis
- Host- humans
2. Bacteria
Identify the host species of, and the type of pathogen causing, the following disease HIV/ AIDS
- Host- humans
2. Virus
Identify the host species of, and the type of pathogen causing, the following disease influenza
- Host- animals including humans
2. Virus
Identify the host species of, and the type of pathogen causing, the following disease athlete’s foot
- Host- humans
2. Fungus
Identify the host species of, and the type of pathogen causing, the following disease malaria
- Host- animals including humans
2. Protoctist
Identify the host species of, and the type of pathogen causing, the following disease ring worm
- Host- cattle
2. Fungus