Disease And Imunity Flashcards
3 things disease can be caused by
Pathogens
Genetic defects
Lifestyle
What are infectious diseases caused by
Pathogens
How are some diseases caused by genetic defects
Mutations in a persons genes can cause disease (eg, cystic fibrosis)
How can lifestyle cause disease
Certain lifestyles increase the risk of getting some diseases
Eg. Some let’s are more likely to get lung cancer
What is a risk factor
Something that increases the chances of something happening.
Eg. Smoking is a risk factor for heart disease
Do risk factors always lead to disease
No
Eg, using sun beds is a risk for skin cancer - it only increases yogurts stick - you won’t necessarily get the disease
How can some risk factors be unavoidable
Inherited
Eg. Certain versions of genes inc the risk of getting breast cancer
How are some risk factors avoidable
Associated with lifestyle,
Eg, diet high in salt is a risk factor for high blood pressure
What diseases link to the risk factor smoking
Mouth, lung, throat cancer, emphysema and other lung diseases, cardiovascular disease
What diseases link to the risk factor Drinking too much alcohol
Mouth, stomach, liver and breast cancer, possibly many other cancers, cardiovascular disease
What diseases link to the risk factor high blood pressure
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes
What diseases link to the risk factor overweight / obese
Various cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes
What diseases link to the risk factor unbalanced diet
Cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes
What diseases link to the risk factor using sun beds too much
Skin cancer
If a pathogen gets into the body it’s detected by a type of white blood cell called?
Phagocyte
What is the molecule on the surface of a pathogen that the phagocytes detect
Antigens
What do phagocytes do to pathogens that are carrying foreign antigens
Engulf and destroy them
Do human cells have antigens on their surface?
Yes
But phagocytes can tell the difference between self and foreign antigens
What is the name of the white blood cells that produce antibodies and what do they bind to
B-cells (B-lymphocytes)
That bind to antigens
What are t-cells (t-lymphocytes) involved in
A type of white blood cell that are involved in communication between phagocytes and b-cells
What happened when a phagocytes has engulfed a pathogen
It signals to the T-cells that it’s found something.
The T-cells Then activated the B-cells to produce antibodies
What does vaccinations against a pathogen give you the ability to do
Respond rapidly to an infection by that pathogen
What do vaccines contain
Antigens form a pathogen in a form that can’t harm you
How do vaccinations work
Vaccines contain antigens form a pathogen that can’t harm you
Your body produces antibodies against the antigens so, if the same pathogen tries to invade again, the immune system can respond really quickly and your less likely to suffer fro, any symptoms
