Disease And Imunity

Question 1

3 things disease can be caused by

Answer 1

Pathogens
Genetic defects
Lifestyle

Question 2

What are infectious diseases caused by

Answer 2

Pathogens

Question 3

How are some diseases caused by genetic defects

Answer 3

Mutations in a persons genes can cause disease (eg, cystic fibrosis)

Question 4

How can lifestyle cause disease

Answer 4

Certain lifestyles increase the risk of getting some diseases
Eg. Some let’s are more likely to get lung cancer

Question 5

What is a risk factor

Answer 5

Something that increases the chances of something happening.
Eg. Smoking is a risk factor for heart disease

Question 6

Do risk factors always lead to disease

Answer 6

No
Eg, using sun beds is a risk for skin cancer - it only increases yogurts stick - you won’t necessarily get the disease

Question 7

How can some risk factors be unavoidable

Answer 7

Inherited
Eg. Certain versions of genes inc the risk of getting breast cancer

Question 8

How are some risk factors avoidable

Answer 8

Associated with lifestyle,
Eg, diet high in salt is a risk factor for high blood pressure

Question 9

What diseases link to the risk factor smoking

Answer 9

Mouth, lung, throat cancer, emphysema and other lung diseases, cardiovascular disease

Question 10

What diseases link to the risk factor Drinking too much alcohol

Answer 10

Mouth, stomach, liver and breast cancer, possibly many other cancers, cardiovascular disease

Question 11

What diseases link to the risk factor high blood pressure

Answer 11

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes

Question 12

What diseases link to the risk factor overweight / obese

Answer 12

Various cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes

Question 13

What diseases link to the risk factor unbalanced diet

Answer 13

Cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes

Question 14

What diseases link to the risk factor using sun beds too much

Answer 14

Skin cancer

Question 15

If a pathogen gets into the body it’s detected by a type of white blood cell called?

Answer 15

Phagocyte

Question 16

What is the molecule on the surface of a pathogen that the phagocytes detect

Answer 16

Antigens

Question 17

What do phagocytes do to pathogens that are carrying foreign antigens

Answer 17

Engulf and destroy them

Question 18

Do human cells have antigens on their surface?

Answer 18

Yes
But phagocytes can tell the difference between self and foreign antigens

Question 19

What is the name of the white blood cells that produce antibodies and what do they bind to

Answer 19

B-cells (B-lymphocytes)
That bind to antigens

Question 20

What are t-cells (t-lymphocytes) involved in

Answer 20

A type of white blood cell that are involved in communication between phagocytes and b-cells

Question 21

What happened when a phagocytes has engulfed a pathogen

Answer 21

It signals to the T-cells that it’s found something.
The T-cells Then activated the B-cells to produce antibodies

Question 22

What does vaccinations against a pathogen give you the ability to do

Answer 22

Respond rapidly to an infection by that pathogen

Question 23

What do vaccines contain

Answer 23

Antigens form a pathogen in a form that can’t harm you

Question 24

How do vaccinations work

Answer 24

Vaccines contain antigens form a pathogen that can’t harm you

Your body produces antibodies against the antigens so, if the same pathogen tries to invade again, the immune system can respond really quickly and your less likely to suffer fro, any symptoms