disease and disorder

Question 1

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Answer 1

blood clot in cavernous sinus, which is due to infection spreads from areas like orbit, paranasal sinuses, or danger zone of face

features: headache, eye bulging (proptosis), photophobia, cranial nerve palsies

abducens nerve most commonly affected

Question 2

lucid interval

Answer 2

delay in symptoms

Question 3

periodontitis

Answer 3

loss of attachment of teeth, chronic inflammation

Question 4

barrett’s oesophagus

Answer 4

metaplasia: from squamous to columnar epithelium
due to GORD (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease), acid reflux into oesophagus

Question 5

coeliac disease

Answer 5

immune system attack own tissue when eat gluten
lead to villous atrophy (villi gone), hyperplastic crytps
increase in lymphoid cells

Question 6

crohn’s disease

Answer 6

life long condition result in inflammation of lining of alimentary system

Question 7

ulcerative colitis

Answer 7

inflammation in colon and rectum only, and ulcers can develop

Question 8

sialolithiasis

Answer 8

salivary gland stone
cause dry mouth, dehydration

Question 9

sialoadenitis

Answer 9

swollen/inflame salivary glands

Question 10

mumps

Answer 10

viral disease caused by paramyxovirus, and lead to salivary gland swelling

Question 11

otitis media

Answer 11

middle ear infection, aditory tube blocked or inflamed

Question 12

tonsillitis

Answer 12

inflammation of tonsil

Question 13

dysphagia

Answer 13

difficulty swallowing
caused by other disease, eg neuromuscular or tumour…

Question 14

tracheo-oesophageal fistula

Answer 14

abnormal connection between oesophagus and trachea

Question 15

glossitis

Answer 15

inflammation of tongue

Question 16

cheilitis

Answer 16

inflammation of lips

Question 17

oesophageal varices

Answer 17

dilated veins in oesophagus that can happen due to increased portal pressure
can lead to collateral circulation around stomach, oesophagus and rectum

Question 18

crohn’s disease

Answer 18

autoimmune, chronic inflammatory bowel disease
can present with lesions in mouth

Question 19

cystic fibrosis

Answer 19

genetic condition. thickened secretions with digestion difficulties

Question 20

meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 20

outpouching, mostly in ileum
rule of 2’s, before 2 yr old, 2% population, within 2 feet from ileocaecal valve, 2 inches long, 2 type of mucosa

Question 21

hepatomegaly

Answer 21

enlarged liver, and sign of unlying problem with liver

Question 22

obstructive jaundice

Answer 22

condition occurs when flow of bile from liver to small intestine is blocked