CV anatomy+ blood Flashcards
what is mediastinum and name the parts of mediastinum and what’s within?
mediastinum is an antomical region in the middle of the thorax (chest), bordered by the lungs on either side
superior
- upper: T1 and manubrium of sternum
- lower: sternal angle and T4/5
- aortic arch, trachea, oesophagus, thymus glands
inferior
- sternal angle to diaphragm
- anterior (fat and reminant of thymus)
- middle (heart)
- posterior (oesophagus, aorta)
name the layers of heart and what is it?
pericardium
1) fibrous layer
- tough outer, and anchor heart to diaphragm
- prevent overexpanding, and stop compression on hearts
2) serous layer
- parietal
- serious fluid in between
- visceral
myocardium
- muscle that controls contraction of heart
- with cardiac muscle cell
endocardium
- smooth lining to reduce friction and prevent blood clotting inside chamber
what is pipillary muscle?
muscle found in ventricle of hearts that anchor the chordae tendinae
- contract to tightening chordae tendinae, stablise valve
what is chordae tendinae
anchor valve to pipillary muscle in ventricle wall
what is the muscle found in ventricle and atria wall?
pipillary muscle (chordae tendinae)
pectinate muscle (allow stretch of atria)
what is trabeculae carnea?
round or irregular muscle column project from inner surface of ventricles
what is the round or irregular muscle column project from inner surface of ventricles?
–> spell
trabeculae carnea
what is the foetal feature describing the opening between RA and LA? and remnant name too?
foramen ovale
remnant: fossa ovalis
what is the foetal feature the allow blood to bypass liver? and remnant name
ductus venosus
ligamentum venosum
what is the foetal feature that allow blood to go from pulmonary artery (trunk) to aorta?
ductus arteriosus
what is auricle?
small, ear like muscular pouch in atria that allow atria to increase capacity when high pressure
name all the valve in heart and their location
whether they have chordae tendinae?
tricuspid, between RA and RV, have chordae tendinae
bicuspid/mitrial, between LA and LV, have
semilunar, pulmonary between RV and pulmonary artery, aortic between LV and aorta, don’t have
what is hole in heart? abd symptoms
atrial/ventricular/atrioventricilar septal defect
-cynosis, breathing problems, racing heart, weak pulse
what does the LUB DUB noice represent?
LUB: ventricular systole, closing of AV valve
DUB: atria systole, closing of semi lunar valve
the 2 level of coronary artery disease?
ischaemia
–> result in collateral circulation development
infarction
–> most common is anterior IV branch of LCA
what vein/artery is commonly used for coronary artery bypass grafting?
great saphenous vein
internal mammary artery
name coronary artery and branches and where they supply?
from RCA
Marginal artery (anterior of RV)
Posterior interventricular artery (posterior interventricular sulcus, anastomes with anterior branch near apex)
from LCA
Anterior interventricular artery (anterior wall of both ventricles and septum)
circumflex artery (lateral and posterior of LV)
name coronary vein and where they supply?
coronary sinus (main one)
anterior cardiac veins (directly from anterior of RV into RA, bypass sinus)
component of blood and percentage
cells 45% (mostly RBC, WBC, platelets)
plasm 55%
what is in plasma?
extracellular fluid, electrolytes, water, organic molecule,plasma protein
name plasma protein and their uses?
albumin(60%): retain water in blood vessel, prevent edema, transport of lipids
globulin(35%): transport ions, hormones, lipids. immune function
fibrinogen(4%): blood clotting
regulatory protein (1%): hormones, enzyme
what is the average blood volume in male and female?
60mL/Kg female
70mL/kg male
size of RBC and features
lifespan, and how is it remove/broken down
6-8 micrometer
biconcave disc
120 days life span
breakdown by mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)
how is haem group in Hb brokwn down?
haem –> biliverdin –> bilirubin
