Disabilities Flashcards
Who published ICF? What is the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health meant to do?
WHO
They did it so people know what is classified as a disability and know functioning. A standardized definition.
Disability definition
Impairment that limits activity and adds restrictions to participation
Functioning definition
All body functions, activities, and participation
T/F
Someone with diabetes has a disability
True yes they are
Body functions meaning
Physiological and psych functions of the body
Body structures meaning
Anatomic parts of the body
Impairments meaning
Problems in body function of structure that is either a deviation or loss
Activity
Execution of a task or action
Activity limitation
Difficulty someone may experience when doing specific activites
Participation meaning
Involved in life situations
Participation restrictions meaning
Problems someone may have in life situations
Environmental factors meaning
Physical, social, and attitudinal (interior and exterior attitudes) environments people live in
Personal factors
All other individual factors that are not part of health conditions
Top ten leading health risks of of the world (know top 5 for sure)
1) underweight (not a US problem)
2) Unsafe sex
3) high BP
4) tobacco
5) alcohol consumption
6) Unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene (not a US problem)
7) Iron deficiency
8) Indoor smoke from solid fuel (not a US problem)
9) High cholesterol
10) Obesity
UN convention on rights of person with disabilities wants us to respect ….
Respect inherent dignity and autonomy
Respect for evolving capacities of children
respect accessibility
Is discrimination allowed for disabled according to the UN convention on rights?
If someone is disabled, should we leave them out?
No
No we need to accept and include them
Can workplaces not hire someone who is disabled because they are?
No they need equal opportunity
- including men vs. women
- women left workforce during the pandemic
- increases insurance rates?
What does the world report on disabilities give access to?
Enable access to all mainstream systems and services
What does the world report on disabilities invest in?
Invests in specific programs and services for people with disabilities
What does the word report on disabilities adopt in order to help those with disabilities?
Adopt a national disability strategy and plan of action
What does the world report on disabilities make sure to involve and improve upon?
Involves people with disabilities
Improve human resource capacity
What does the world report on disabilities have to provide?
Provides adequate funding and improve affordability
What does world report on disabilities want to increase?
public awareness and understanding for those with disabilities
What does world report on disables want to do for research?
Strengthen and support disability research
What should disability data reports be like?
Anonymous bc of retaliation
Is the national disability strategy a top priority?
Nope but it affects us all
Does healthy people 2030 have specific goals for disabilities?
Nope , it is generalized.
But the goals of health people are inclusive for everyone.
- we don’t want to add more attention to disabilities than other forms of health issues
Main four overarching goals of 2030
1) Attain higher quality, longer lives free of disease , disability, injury, and premature death
2) Achieve health equity for all
3) Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
4) promote quality of life , healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all ages
How is not doing primary or health promotion a missed opportunity?
We get people when they’re “drowning” in secondary or tertiary when we can stop it from happening all together & that is why we should focus on health care delivery systems to do the promotion first
An example of how areas of secondary and tertiary prevention strategies are becoming missed opportunities in those with chronic diseases?
Other issues may go ignored in those with disability bc people assume the disability is the only problem.
Now imagine if someone with a disability has sexuality issues going on. The odds based off the stats say that often goes ignored bc it is secondary to the disabling condition they have.
Or if someone has diabetes, is the doctor thinking about getting them they’re insulin or are they going to remember that they need a Pap smear? That sort of thing.
How are health care disparities and discrimination considered to be a missed opportunity?
It is a missed opportunity bc the discrimination can keep someone from getting the help they need.
- it affects their continuation of care
- it affects their ability to get medicine
Civil rights legistlation that was done for those with disabilities? What does this do?
American with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 which prohibited discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, state, and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications which applies to US congress.
What is Universal designs purpose?
Designing products and environments that are usable for all people including those with disabilities.
What are the specific provisions included in the the Universal design?
All doors within such dwellings are designed so those with disabilities can use them
And common dwellings should be made for those with disabilities can use them
What is the role of the community health nurse?
First, we need to know our laws. And think of the clients as a holistic whole.
Ex: they don’t need a gym. they just need a can of green beans.
- but remember, the different levels of exercise will have to increase for someone to continue to get benefits of exercise
What qualities does the community health nurse need?
Creativity, honesty, and tenacity (sort of relentless)
Why do we need smart goals for the clients?
Because they can reach small, smart goals but large goals aren’t lasting and can be quit easy. We want it to be measurable.
- also a drastic change in routine can cause burn out
What will the community health nurses role be like?
Involvement in wide ranging, multiple roles at different levels.
Rural census definition
Area located outside of urbanizes areas and cluster
Rural office of management and budget defintiion ?
Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas
Us department of agriculture rural definition?
Fewer than 2500 residents and are completely rural
Text Rural defintion?
Communities with fewer than 10,000 residents and a country population density of >1000 persons/square mile
Urban definition
Areas that have at least 2500 people with at least 1500 residing outside of institutional group quarters (areas reserved for lower income people)
Frontier defintion
Has six or less people per square mile but others include not only population density but distance and travel time to market service areas
Migrant definition
A transit population , usually immigrants that moves regularly to follow work opportunities found in farm workers
What happened to the population ini mid 1800-2000s?
What did that mean for rural communities?
It tripled
In rural communities living decreased from 85% to 21%.
Where is the highest rural population?
The south
What changes in migration patterns have there been for Rural communities??
Out migration (residents moving out of rural communities into urban places)
In migration (during first half of 1990 , there was an increase moving into rural communities
Age and gender trends of rural areas?
Older population is increasing
Females are becoming more common - women aren’t able to move anywhere?
What is race and ethnicity trending towards in rural areas?
Less racially diverse
Rural education trends?
Lower education often attained
Income, housing, and jobs trends?
Average income lower than those in urban communities along with housing quality and fewer jobs.
What agriculture and health issues arise in rural areas?
Direct and indirect effects
What is happening to rural communities growth wise?
Becoming more built environments
- highways, shopping, housing
How do people from rural areas try to manage their health?
Why might they not even go to seek care?
What can affect whether they come?
What if they need acute care?
They have to drive and then like to have all their appts in one day and then wanna leave.
They like to take care of things themselves.
Weather, distance
They will need an ambulance or helicopter
Leading cause of death in the Unites States
Cardiology problems
Why are cardiology problems such an issue?
Geography/distance
Environmental exposures
Infectious diseases
Inadequate health care
- 320 billion due to indirect/direct
Do rural residents pay attention to heart symptoms?
first sign of HA?
No they ignore them
They also don’t pay attention to what they’re eating (high fat) or how much they exercise
- but their bodies are used to it
denial lmao
T/F
Diabetes is lower in rural areas
Which populations specifically?
False. They are higher
Hispanics and blacks bc they don’t wanna go to doctors (rural people in general do this tho).Or bc they don’t have insurance
What is health literacy like in rural areas?
Less
- maybe they don’t have computers
- we need to educate them
Who has more HIV occurrences? Urban or rural?
Well it is increasing everywhere. 68% of the new cases were from the rural south
Historically, how was service payed for in rural communities?
Types of clinics in rural settings?
Just with a fee for what you visited for
Family practice clinics (mom and pop)
Rural health clinics (nurses prefer urban jobs, more money)
What is it meant by rural people depending on public health department services?
Why do they do this?
Bc this is where their doctors/nurses are at.
They do this because of the the lack of core health services as well
T/F
Those living in rural communities are able to choose whichever healthcare provider they want
False - they have limited choices.
How can we improve rural care accessibility?
Mobile clinics
School-based clinics, and Telehealth
Offer transportation
- elderly can’t drive
- driving a tractor in middle of nowhere is not the same as driving a car in downtown Wichita
What legislation allowed Mexicans to enter the US to provide agricultural assistance to farmers?
What act made sure these migrants could get health care?
The Bracero Agreement of 1942
- for up to 6 months
Migrant health of 1962
- so for 20 years they went without healthcare
How does the migrant population move?
What is the avg age?
how many are male? How many can speak Spanish?
They shift in numbers
- so est to 3-5 million
avg age is 31 but half are under 29
80% male; 84% speak Spanish
Avg migrant education level?
where is their income from? how does this work?
sixth grade
- so we might have to help them with health literacy
agricultural work
They bring their families and tents and then follow work
Types of migrant workers?
Seasonal - live in one location and labor in fields of that particular area
Migrant - streams follow flow of work
How long do migrant workers work?
how do the groups work?
6 days week from sunrise to sundown
crew leaders mediate w farmers bc 84% speak Spanish and all family works in the field
How are there occupational hazards to migrant workers?
How are they at higher risk of illnesses?
Occupational hazards form working the fields and being exposed to pesticides
Lack of housing causes crowding and spread of illnesses with poor sanitation
Drinking and eating together
Do migrant workers have access to good healthcare?
Not really. They have access but they are just moving around so it is hard
Are migrant children able to get education?
Not exactly. they are busy working
Why is there alcohol abuse amongst migrants adolescents? Violence?
Bc everyone around them is drinking
More violence in general for everyone bc they re all together and hot and drinking etc
How can we advocate and network as CHN for migrant workers?
Help them get an interpreter and once they get help, show them where to go next. Practice cultural sensitivity!
What are lay personnel for community outreaches for migrant workers?
Promotoras
Doulas
Does healthcare delivery have to be traditional for migrant workers?
NO we can find unique ways to help them
Should we give universal health records?
IDK but it is being considered for migrant workers can get good help
T/F
The quality of environment is related to the health of those living in urban areas
true but in large cities especially !
How is there a lack of connectedness in urban life?
Family?
Less friendly and talking
Less trust bc no on knows each other
Weaker family /community ties
The population density of the urban areas used to saturated with immigrants. how? why is it not like this now?
Ghettos existed or thickly populated sections of cities for minority groups
- families moved to suburbs
What is poverty like in cites?
two times greater in cities
What does overcrowding and poor quality housing lead to?
Mental health
Developmental delays Shorter statures
T/F
Violence is decreased in urban cities
What is employment like?
False . violence is increased.
Harder to find places to work
Urban power trends?
Shift in political power and decline in money to cities
What criteria is needed to be considered a health place to live?
- Natural resources are protected
- employment is available
- urban sprawl is contained and not moving outward
- neighborhoods are safe
- lifelong learning is promoted
- healthcare and transportation is easily available
- all citizens can improve their lives
Social justice
society provides health needs and care of all by treating people fairly regardless of where they live or who they are
- a foundation to public health nursing
what does it mean to be a community health nurse practicing social justice
- broad holistic views
- belief that everyone deserves health care
- it is a society responsibility
urban nurse role
- forge relationships
- be a resource
- detect issues going on
- making informed judgements
- sense of time is longer bc we get longer access to people in cities
- teach
- intervene with conditions that influence health
- physical dexterity
