Life Span Flashcards
T/F
Children have always been seen as assets in health care
False! Only recently. Some countries only view them as future adults.
Are female children always valued?
Are children with congenital anomalies always valued?
Actually no for both when it comes to specific countries.
- they can be put in orphanages or killed
Who sometimes gets better healthcare? Male or female children?
Males
What is sex-selective abortion and infanticide?
When someone chooses not to have a baby based off the gender.
Why did china change the rule of one child and thus more respect for females?
They needed to have females to be able to continue the populations & they sometimes had to have more than 1 kid to do that
What are some cultural practices that harsh?
Binding females feet to be small
Leading cause of infant death?
Highest injuries/accidents in 1-3 year olds?
others?
Suffocation (66% out of all total deaths and what not are from this)
falls, burns, drowning (1-4)
MVA, crashes, and poisoning (from led)
Things that happen to children nationally that cause them harm?
Accidents Injuries Child maltreatment Communicable diseases Chronic disease Poor nutrition and dental hygiene
Ages of…
infant
toddlers
preschool
birth - 1 yr
1-2yr
3-4
T/F
Most of the US children have healthcare
true
Most children in the US hav health care - 96.9%
Which gender has higher rate of death from injury?
males
What used to occur from lead poisoning of children? How does it present now?
Encepholpathy and death
Now, it presents as subtle changes in CNS, changed behavior, lower IQ
- 250,000 suffer
What is child maltreatment defined as?
Examples?
Child abuse or neglect below the age of 18
- can even be sexual
Shaken baby syndrome
Failure to thrive
When do they suspect shakes baby syndrome?
Retinal hemorrhage and subdural hemorrhage being present
- sometimes the external retinal symptoms don’t happen though
This occurs from actual shaking or on impact of something
What is failure to thrive?
Slowing of growth rate, height, and weight among infant and toddlers
So what are examples of child maltreatment again?
Child abuse (shaken baby syndrome, sexual abuse) Neglect (leading to failure thrive)
Very common communicable diseases for infants?
Respiratory infections (RSV being common) , conjunctivitis, GI issues, and vaccine preventable diseases.
When taking care of dental hygiene in infants, what is the the part of the mouth we are most concerned about?
The gums because they don’t have teeth yet
Categories of health service programs that can help infants and children?
Preventive health programs
Health protection programs
Health promotion programs
What are some preventative health programs for infants?
Immunizations, parent training, quality day care, and preschool programs
What are health protection programs ?
Safety and injury programs for children who are facing maltreatment
- more secondary and tertiary prevention programs
What are health promotion programs?
Infant brain development and parent-child interactions like tummy time
Developmental screening
WICK or nutritional programs
What are you assessing in the population?
Their current health problems bc we want to assess what they actually need right now.
What do we need to determine?
Determine the resources they already have and then figure out what they need to help fix their health problems
Why do we want to promote health with early interventions?
Early interventions keeps them from ever being “thrown in the water” . Ww want to keep them from ever having those issues
What education do we specifically want to give to parents or people who want to be parents?
Family planning
Nutrition and exercise
Safety precautions
Child care skills
What can nurses conduct?
Immunization programs
Smoke cessation education
Preventing communicable disease educations
Child safety device education
What is something to know about child safety devices?
Maybe that car seats now have expiration dates.
When do nurses have to report child abuse?
When they even suspect it
What is meant by nursings have to comply and report violations of environmental health standards?
For example, Floridas having a sewage leak in the water.
Who do nurses need to advocate for?
Everyone! But especially families and young children
- need to protect their rights
T/F
Nurses don’t have a role in securing services out in the community for those in need
false , nurses definitely do
What do we need to make sure there is resource wise for children?
Make sure there’s enough resources for safe and health environments for children
Do nurses lobby? And for what?
Yes for law changes by initiating the effort to establish change
How are chronic health problems categorized?
By severity and duration of at least 3-12 months to be a chronic health problem
List common health problems in kids?
Asthma is #1 Autism Diabetes Juvenile rheumatoid Arthritis Seizure disorders
Common cancers in children?
Survival rate?
What does this mean for research?
Cancers (ages 1-14 ) include Leukemia, Brain cancer, CNS cancer, Neuroglystoma?
But more children are surviving
Research is more focused on keeping cancer from reoccuring
Which race is more likely to develop childhood cancers?
White children
What other issues are children with cancer?
GI, auditory, cardiovascular issues
What learning and behavioral issues are common in children?
ADHD Depression ADD ODD - oppositional defiant CD - conduct disorder
What illnesses/injuries can be caused by socioeconomic factors?
Led poisoning - which is common in old housing
Iron deficiency which makes you more susceptible to other illnesses
Are learning disabilities a major chronic disease affecting children?
Nope bc they aren’t chronic diseases - they are a behavior.
Death injuries of kids 1-9 years old
MVA
Drowning
Fire/burns
Death injuries of kids 10-19 years old
MVA
drowning
poisoning
Suicides from 10-19years old
firearms
Common communicable diseases of school aged children?
TB, STI’s, Menningitis, Measles, Mumps, Chicken pox
Common hair condition amongst school aged kids?
Head lice
Other common health problems in school aged kids?
Undernutrition, poor dental health, obesity, and inactivity
Third cause of death in adolescents?
Emotional problems leading to suicide
Risky behaviors that are health problems?
What if kids don’t go to school?
Violence Substance abuse Sti's & pregnancy Acne Poor nutrition and eating disorder
May not get food and it affects other ares of life bc basic needs aren’t met
What do physical and emotional health issues have an affect on in children and adolescents?
Academic performance which can affect their future
Summary of preventative health programs for adolescents?
Immunizations and TB screenings
Education and social services
Health protection programs summary for adolescents?
Safety and injury prevention
Infectious disease prevention
child protective services
oral care
Health promotion for adolescents summary
nutrition and exercise
Reasons a child would need a TB test
Born outside US Traveled outside US for more than 1 week Has child been exposed Been around someone who's been exposed - could be someone who left country or does drugs
How do we assess the tb skin test
if it is greater than 5 mm , is considered positive
if greater than 10 can increase risk of disease
if 15 mm if 4 years or older if no other risks is ok
How many work related injuries in adolescents are there?
812 k because they are doing work with food and all
How common is MRSA?
Very common especially in wrestlers from staph.
- gotta clean the mats
How prevalent are child protective cases?
- 5 million referrals for abuse and neglect
3. 2 were followed up on
Why is oral hygiene a problem in adolescent and a needed service?
Brushing teeth is something not everyone does but also there can be a lack of supplies
- the school can help out with this
Fluoride in water is the best way to get rid of tooth decay by protecting from acid
If you don’t believe in specific things, should you be teaching it?
No . Know your own beliefs
Most common diseases in adults?
Disease of the heart
Malignant neoplasms
Cerbrovascular disease
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
Examples of primary prevention
Education mostly
- health exam needs to be done
- eating habits
- sleep
- moderate drinking
- no smoking
- sti prevention
- flu clinics
- collaborate with community leaders and lobbying
Examples of secondary prevention
Screenings
- bp, bmi, glucose, etc
in order to get someone prompt help to prevent other diseases
Amount of moderate alcohol
2 oz women
4 oz men
1 beer
Tertiary prevention examples
What does it require?
Rehab
Prevention of further damage
Your skills, with community resources, and patient who is motivated
- can be hard if you don’t have patent who wants help
Common immunizations for older adults
shingles
Primary prevention involves reminding older adults. why do we have to do this more in their population?
They may not be motivated or they forget
Safety needs of getting elderly exercise?
Make sure they are safe when exercising bc they may not be as aware
Why do older adults hav psychosocial issues going on? What type of prevention is this?
BC they are losing people to death
primary
Things that are important to elderly
part of prevention?
independence social interaction purpose spirituality what we leave behind
primary
Main focus of secondary prevention I older adults
Education on preventative measures and positive health behaviors
along with screening for any new issues
Tertiary prevention of older adults
What health issues might we need to do this for?
Follow up and rehab
Alzheimers, arthritis, cancer, depression, diabetes, cardiovascular, and osteoporosis
What do community health nurses do for older population?
Case management for resources and referrals
Do older people want to go to nursing homes?
No, so we should be creative with their living arrangements and services
What do we need to educate elderly about falls?
Beauty might have to go away to make sure their house is safe to walk around in
- but you can be creative here
