Directory + Rise to Power Flashcards
How did the Thermidorians fill vacancies in the CPS / CGS?
31st July, filled by moderate Dantonists and the Plain.
When was the Law of 22 Prairial repealed?
1st August, many held under its terms released.
When was the Revolutionary Tribunal reorganised to be less harsh?
10th August, from then on deportations were frequently used as an alternative.
What and when was the Law on Revolutionary Government?
24th August, reorganisation of government.
What did the Law on Revolutionary Government do?
Reduced revolutionary committees to 1 per dept, breaking power of SC.
Government put in hands of 16 committees. 25% of members changed each month.
What was the outcome of the Law of Revolutionary Government?
CPS + CGS lost power - CPS only oversaw diplomacy and war.
Representants-en-mission sent to remove Jacobins nationwide.
When were the powers of the Commune reduced?
31st Aug 1794
When were Church and State separated?
18th Sept 1794
When was the Jacobin Club officially closed down?
12th Nov 1794
When were representants-en-mission and the Rev Tribunal abolished?
April and May 1795 respectively.
When were the Girondins readmitted?
December 1794
What was the White Terror?
Purges against proponents of the Terror, random attacks on SC and destruction of Jacobin imagery.
Why did the Rev Tribunal exist until 1795?
To prosecute Jacobins after the Reaction
What did Louis’ brother declare in 1795?
June 1795 Verona Declaration, would ‘restore French glory’ and ‘take revenge on all regicides’.
When was peace made with each rebel group in 1795?
Western royalists February, Chouans April.
What did General Houche defeat in 1795?
July 1795 emigre rising at Quiberon Bay, 700 emigres executed.
What religious things did the Thermidorians retain bans on?
Religious dress, symbols and processions.
When was an oath of Catholic loyalty reintroduced?
February 1795 - pressure from Catholic clergy.
Who did the Thermidorians make peace with in 1794/5?
Prussia, Spain. So was only at war with Britain and Austria.
What territories did the Thermidorians capture 1794/5?
Austrian Netherlands, Batavia, Rhine, pre-war borders with Spain
What and when was the Rising of Germinal?
1st April 1795, 10,000 SC invaded Convention demanding bread and the 1793 Convention. Unarmed, retreated after NG arrived.
What were some causes of the early Thermidorian economic crisis?
Poor harvest in 1794, freezing 1794-5 winter.
What was the value of the Assignat by April 1795?
1/10 of the original value.
How much bread was the average Parisian living off on the 10th May 1795?
60g ration.
What was the aftermath of the Rising of Germinal?
Paris placed under martial law, arrested SC, disarmed all terrorists.
When and what was the Rising of Prairial?
20/21st May 1795, far over 10,000 SC forced access to the Convention, murdered a deputy. Demanded better food supply, release of Jacobin prisoners and the 1793 Constitution.
What happened on the 2nd day of the Rising of Prairial?
20,000 SC and NG trained cannon on the Convention. 40,000 soldiers called in and negotiated.
What happened on the 2nd day of the Rising of Prairial?
20,000 SC and NG trained cannon on the Convention. 40,000 soldiers called in and negotiated.
What was the aftermath of the Rising of Prairial?
Moved troops into insurgents home territory, executed 42 and inspected 6,000. Broke much of the SC political power.
When and what was the rising of Vendemiaire?
5th October 1795. Royalist uprising, over a potentially rigged plebiscite. 25,000 Parisians approached, 3 battalions stopped them.
What happened at the Rising of Vendemiare?
5th Oct 1795, Napoleon fired 40 cannon into the 25,000 Royalists around the convention, killing 300. Government therefore kept control. Only 10 executions.
What was the Council of 500?
Directory body, proposed and drew up legislation - but did not vote on it