Directional Terms Flashcards
These are used to describe the positions of structures relative to other structures or locations in the body.
Directional terms
Cranial is also known as ___; while caudal is also known as ___.
Superior; inferior
It means closer to the head.
Cranial
Caudal means ___?
Closer to the feet
True or False: Ventral means closer to the front, while dorsal means closer to the back.
TRUE
Ventral is also known as ___; while dorsal is also known as ___.
Anterior; posterior
Medial means closer to the ___?
Midline/center
What is the opposite term for medial?
Lateral
The terms proximal and distal are in relation to the ___?
Point of origin
This directional term is used when a structure is between a more medial and more lateral structure.
Intermediate
External is also known as ___; while internal is also known as ___.
Superficial; deep
What do the terms superficial and deep refer to?
Surfaces
What directional terms are used to refer to layers of body cavities?
Parietal and visceral
What are two body cavities that utilize the terms parietal and visceral?
Pleural cavity and pericardial cavity
The pericardial cavity protects/houses what organ?
Heart
The pleural cavity protects/houses what organs?
Lungs
___ refers to organs that are on the opposite sides of the body.
Contralateral
This is used when organs are on the same side of the body.
Ipsilateral
What are the layers of the pleural cavity in order?
Parietal pleura, plural cavity, visceral pleura
What are the layers of the pericardial cavity in order of innermost to outermost?
Epicardium, visceral pericardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium
The heart is ___ to the diaphragm.
Superior/cranial
The hip is ___ to the head.
Inferior/caudal
The chest is ___ to the abdomen.
Superior/cranial
The kidney is ___ to the liver.
Inferior/caudal
The head is ___ to the pelvis.
Superior/cranial
The chest is ___ to the spine.
Anterior/ventral
The heart is ___ to the sternum.
Posterior/dorsal
The genitals are ___ to the buttocks.
Anterior/ventral
The spine is ___ to the abdomen.
Posterior/dorsal
The trachea is ___ to the spine.
Anterior/ventral
The sternum is ___ to the ribs.
Medial
The arms are ___ to the chest.
Lateral
The heart is ___ to the lungs.
Medial
The cheekbones are ___ to the nose.
Lateral
The nose is ___ to the ears.
Medial
The elbow is ___ to the wrist.
Proximal
The knee is ___ to the hip.
Distal
The ankle is ___ to the foot.
Proximal
The finger is ___ to the shoulder.
Distal
The middle finger is ___ between the ring and index finger.
Intermediate
The collarbone is ___ to the sternum and the shoulder.
Intermediate
The heart is ___ between the lungs.
Intermediate
The skin is ___ to the skeletal muscles.
Superficial
Muscle is ___ to bone.
Superficial
The lungs are ___ to the skin.
Deep
The small intestine is ___ to the skin.
Deep
The right arm is ___ to the right leg.
Ipsilateral
The left ear is ___ to the right ear.
Contralateral
The left lung is ___ to the left kidney.
Ipsilateral
The right shoulder is ___ to the left elbow.
Contralateral
These directional terms are typically used when referring to extremities.
Proximal and distal
Your upper extremities are also known as ___?
Arms
Your lower extremities are commonly known as ___?
Legs
True or False: Both the pericardial cavity and pleural cavity are lined with serous fluid.
TRUE
