Cells & Cell Diversity Flashcards
What percentage of cells are water?
60%
It is the structural unit of all living things, and the functional unit of life.
Cell
Around how many cells exist in the human body?
50-100 trillion
They are masses of similar cells as well as their extracellular matrix.
Tissues
Tissues combine with other tissues to form ___?
Organs
What are the four basic tissues types in humans?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
This tissue serves as protection, and is involved in diffusion of substances, absorption of materials, and excretion of wastes.
Epithelial tissue
It is the most abundant tissue in the body, and supports and binds other tissues of the body.
Connective tissue
This type of tissue shortens and contracts to produce bodily movement.
Muscle tissue
This type of tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, and is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities.
Nerve tissue
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
This type of muscle is found in the internal organs.
Smooth muscle
This type of muscle makes up the muscular system; it attaches to bone and allows for movement.
Skeletal muscle
This type of muscle can only be found in the heart.
Cardiac muscle
Most cells are composed of what four elements?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
What are the three main regions/parts of the cell?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell/Plasma Membrane
What does the nucleus contain?
Genetic material
It is the control center of the cell.
Nucleus
DNA stands for ___ ?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
It is needed for building proteins and cell reproduction.
DNA/genetic material
What are the three regions/components of the nucleus?
Nuclear membrane
Nucleolus
Chromatin
This encloses the nucleus and separates it from the outside environment.
Nuclear membrane
What lines the nuclear membrane?
Nuclear pores
It is the site of ribosome production.
Nucleus
It is a mixture of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes.
Chromatin
It is the transport barrier for cell contents, it contains the organelles and separates them from the outside environment.
Cell/Plasma Membrane
The outside environment of the cell is also known as ___?
The extracellular matrix
What is the structure of the cell membrane?
Fluid mosaic model
What are the components of the cell membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer
Channel/carrier proteins
Carbohydrates
True or False: The tails of the phospholipid bilayer face outward towards the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid.
FALSE. The tails are hydrophobic, therefore they face inwards, away from any fluid.
It is the material outside the nucleus and inside the cell membrane.
Cytoplasm
It is the site of most cellular activities.
Cytoplasm
What are the components of the cytoplasm?
Cytosol
Organelles
Inclusions
It is the fluid of the cytoplasm that suspends other elements.
Cytosol
They are the metabolic machinery of the cell and are also known as “little organs”
Organelles
They are the chemical substances in the cell (e.g., stored nutrients and cell products).
Inclusions
They are membrane-bound specialized cellular compartments.
Organelles
It is critical for organelle’s ability to perform special functions.
Compartmentalization
It is a network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm.
Cytoskeleton
What are the three elements of the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments (thinnest)
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules (thickest)
They are the surface extensions found in some cells.
Cell extensions
What are the three cell extensions?
Cilia
Flagella
Microvilli
It moves materials across the cell surface.
Cilia
Where is the cilia located?
Respiratory system (to move mucus)
It is used to propel the cell.
Flagella
What is the only flagellated cell in the human body?
Sperm
What is another name for erythrocytes?
Red blood cells
What are the two reproductive cells?
Oocyte & sperm cells
