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Anatomy & Physiology > Cells & Cell Diversity > Flashcards

Cells & Cell Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of cells are water?

A

60%

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2
Q

It is the structural unit of all living things, and the functional unit of life.

A

Cell

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3
Q

Around how many cells exist in the human body?

A

50-100 trillion

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4
Q

They are masses of similar cells as well as their extracellular matrix.

A

Tissues

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5
Q

Tissues combine with other tissues to form ___?

A

Organs

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6
Q

What are the four basic tissues types in humans?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve

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7
Q

This tissue serves as protection, and is involved in diffusion of substances, absorption of materials, and excretion of wastes.

A

Epithelial tissue

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8
Q

It is the most abundant tissue in the body, and supports and binds other tissues of the body.

A

Connective tissue

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9
Q

This type of tissue shortens and contracts to produce bodily movement.

A

Muscle tissue

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10
Q

This type of tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, and is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities.

A

Nerve tissue

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11
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle

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12
Q

This type of muscle is found in the internal organs.

A

Smooth muscle

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13
Q

This type of muscle makes up the muscular system; it attaches to bone and allows for movement.

A

Skeletal muscle

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14
Q

This type of muscle can only be found in the heart.

A

Cardiac muscle

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15
Q

Most cells are composed of what four elements?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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16
Q

What are the three main regions/parts of the cell?

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell/Plasma Membrane

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17
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

Genetic material

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18
Q

It is the control center of the cell.

A

Nucleus

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19
Q

DNA stands for ___ ?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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20
Q

It is needed for building proteins and cell reproduction.

A

DNA/genetic material

21
Q

What are the three regions/components of the nucleus?

A

Nuclear membrane
Nucleolus
Chromatin

22
Q

This encloses the nucleus and separates it from the outside environment.

A

Nuclear membrane

23
Q

What lines the nuclear membrane?

A

Nuclear pores

24
Q

It is the site of ribosome production.

A

Nucleus

25
Q

It is a mixture of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes.

A

Chromatin

26
Q

It is the transport barrier for cell contents, it contains the organelles and separates them from the outside environment.

A

Cell/Plasma Membrane

27
Q

The outside environment of the cell is also known as ___?

A

The extracellular matrix

28
Q

What is the structure of the cell membrane?

A

Fluid mosaic model

29
Q

What are the components of the cell membrane?

A

Phospholipid bilayer
Channel/carrier proteins
Carbohydrates

30
Q

True or False: The tails of the phospholipid bilayer face outward towards the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid.

A

FALSE. The tails are hydrophobic, therefore they face inwards, away from any fluid.

31
Q

It is the material outside the nucleus and inside the cell membrane.

A

Cytoplasm

32
Q

It is the site of most cellular activities.

A

Cytoplasm

33
Q

What are the components of the cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol
Organelles
Inclusions

34
Q

It is the fluid of the cytoplasm that suspends other elements.

A

Cytosol

35
Q

They are the metabolic machinery of the cell and are also known as “little organs”

A

Organelles

36
Q

They are the chemical substances in the cell (e.g., stored nutrients and cell products).

A

Inclusions

37
Q

They are membrane-bound specialized cellular compartments.

A

Organelles

38
Q

It is critical for organelle’s ability to perform special functions.

A

Compartmentalization

39
Q

It is a network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm.

A

Cytoskeleton

40
Q

What are the three elements of the cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments (thinnest)
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules (thickest)

41
Q

They are the surface extensions found in some cells.

A

Cell extensions

42
Q

What are the three cell extensions?

A

Cilia
Flagella
Microvilli

43
Q

It moves materials across the cell surface.

A

Cilia

44
Q

Where is the cilia located?

A

Respiratory system (to move mucus)

45
Q

It is used to propel the cell.

A

Flagella

46
Q

What is the only flagellated cell in the human body?

A

Sperm

47
Q

What is another name for erythrocytes?

A

Red blood cells

48
Q

What are the two reproductive cells?

A

Oocyte & sperm cells

Anatomy & Physiology (10 decks)

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