Digestive: Viral Dss (Part 2) Flashcards by Chesca Andrea Kyle Mendoza

Resistant to chloroform; relatively stable
Survive for long periods in environment

DH type 1

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Vertical transmission

DH type 1

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Onset of signs and spread very rapidly
All MT occuring in 3-4 days

DH type 1

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-Affected ducklings squat down w/ partially closed eyes
-Fall on their sides; kicks

DH type 1

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Pale and swollen liver and kidneys, swollen and mottled spleen

DH type 1

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Microscopic:
-Massive liver cell necrosis
-Bile duct hyperplasia
-Subcutaneous edema

DH type 1

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Diagnosis: Hemorrhagic lesions are pathognomonic

DH type 1

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Diagnosis DH type 1

-Hx: sudden onset, rapid spread, acute course
-Lx: in liver of birds up to 3 weeks
-Hemorrhagic lesions anre pathognomonic
-FAT
-Serology: virus neutralization test, agar gel diffusion precipitation test, ELISA

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Differential diagnosis for DH type 1

Salmonellosis
Aflatoxicosis

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DH type 1 tx and prevention

-Passive immunization by injection w/ immune serum (from immune birds)/ yolk from eggs produced by hyper immune birds

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DH type 1 control and prevention

Strict isolation: avoid contact w/ free flying waterfowl or introduction of infected waterfowl

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DH type 1 control and prevention

Depopulation, sanitization, disinfection of premises
Direct active immunization of duckling w/ live avirulent strains of DHV type 1
Vaccination of breeders: 2-3 doses at least 6 weeks apart

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DH type 2 etiologic agent

Duck astrovirus type 1 (NN)

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Affect only ducks kept on open field

DH type 2

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Reported outbreaks in England until mid 1980s

DH type 2

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Infection occurs through oral, cloacal, SC routes

DH type 2

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Death in1-4 days, usually within 1-2 hours after onset of clinical signs

DH type 2

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Survivors are immune to re-infection

DH type 2

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MT: 10-50%

DH type 2

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-Polydipsia w/ loose droppings
-Excessive urate excretion
-Convulsions, opisthotonus

DH type 2

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Particles has an astrovirus-like morphology

DH type 2

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Diagnosis for DH type 2

-Electron microscopy of liver hemorrhages
- Virus is difficult to isolate

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Less severe that DH type 1

DH type 3

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MT: >30%

DH type 3

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Known to have occured only in US

DH type 3

Signs similar to DH type 1

DH type 3

Diagnosis for DH type 3

Fat Serum neutralization test

Vaccination schedule for DH type 3

Weeks: 16, 20, 24 Administration: SC

Duck virus enteritis etiologic agent

Alphaherpesvirus

Acute contagious herpervirus infection of duck, geese, swans

Duck virus entritis

Duck herpes virus incubation period

3-7 days

-Death within 1-5 days after onset of clinical signs -Sudden high persistent flock mortality in breeder flocks

Duck virus enteritis

-Mature ducks die in good flesh (rip) -Prolapse of penis in mature males (sheesh)

Duck virus enteritis

Photophobia (half closed eye), inappetence, extreme thrist

Duck virus enteritis

Droopiness, ataxia, ruffled feathers, nasal discharge, soiled vents, watery diarrhea

Duck virus enteritis

Young ducklings: dehydration, weight loss, blue beaks, conjunctivitis, lacrimation, nasal exudates, blood-stained vent

Duck virus enteritis

-High MB and MT (5-100%) -Higher MT in ducklings -Recovered birds are immune

Duck virus enteritis

Postmortem lesions in Duck virus enteritis: Liver (early)

Early: pale copper color with pinpoint hemorrhage and white foci

Postmortem lesions in Duck virus enteritis: Liver (late)

Late: dark bronze or bile stained w/o hemorrhages with larger white foci

Diagnosis for duck virus enteritis

-Gross and histopath lesions -Isolation and ID of DEV -PCR assay, latex agglutination test, VN test, ELISA

Differential diagnosis for DHuck virus enteritis

-Duck hepatitis -Fowl cholera -Coccidiosis -Specific intoxicatoins

Young geese disease

Hemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese

Late form of Derzy’s disease

Hemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese

Goose polyomavirus

Hemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese

Etiologic agent for hemorrhagic enteritis and nephritis of geese

Goose Hemorrhagic Polyomavirus (GHPV)

Currently one of the greatest challenges of geese farms in France (due to fois gras)

Hemorrhagic Nephritis and Enteritis of Geese

Hemorrhagic Nephritis and Enteritis of Geese transmission

Vertical transmission

Hemorrhagic Nephritis and Enteritis of Geese chronic form

-Urate deposits on viscera and joints leading to = lameness -MT limited to few birds everyday up to 12 weeks

Hemorrhagic Nephritis and Enteritis of Geese chronic form: incubation period

Incubation period: age dependent Day old goslings = 6-8 days 3 weeks old goslings = up to 15 days > 4 weeks old goslings = nonclinical carrier form

Hemorrhagic Nephritis and Enteritis of Geese diagnosis

Isolation and ID of virus

Hemorrhagic Nephritis and Enteritis of Geese differential diagnosis

Differentiate Lx from those of goose parvovirus thru histopathological, virological or serological procedures

Hemorrhagic Nephritis and Enteritis of Geese tx and prevention

-No effective treatment -Prevention thru disinfection and sanitation procedures -Prevention of stress (sanaol madi) -Vaccines under trial

Derzy's disease

Goose parvovirus

-Good influenza -Goose/gosling plague -Goose hepatitis -Goose enteritis -Infectious myocarditis -Asctic hepatonephritis

Goose parvovirus

Goose parvovirus etiologic agent

Goose Hemorrhagic Polyomavirus (GHPV)

Family Parvoviridae

Goose Hemorrhagic Polyomavirus (GHPV)

Affects geese and Muscovy ducks

Goose parvovirus

-Highly contagious disease of young geese and muscovy ducks -Agent is closely related to human dependovirus

Goose parvovirus

-No antigenic relationship with chicks or mammalian parvoviruses -Age depedent

Goose parvovirus

Goose parvovirus mortality

-100% MT in <1 week goslings

Negligible losses in 4-5 week old birds

Goose parvovirus

-No signs in older geese -Incubation period: 5-10 days

Goose parvovirus

<1 week old gosling: nasal and ocular discharge (epiphora), red and swollen uropygial glands (water resistance in feathers) and eyes, profuse white diarrhea

Goose parvovirus

accumulation of ascetic fluid in abdomen causes birds to have a “penguin-like” posture

Chronic form of Goose parvovirus

Pale myocardium, rounded apex (heart)

Goose parvovirus post mortem lesion

Goose parvo virus diagnosis

-Isolation and ID of virus -Detection of viral antigen -Electron microscopy (EM) -Molecular ID: PCR -Serology: VN, AGPT, ELISA

Goose parvovirus differential diagnosis

-Duck virus enteritis -Duck hepatitis virus -Hemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese -Pasteurella anatipestifer and P. multocida

Goose parvovirus treatment and prevention

Thru disinfection and sanitation procedures