Digestive: Viral Dss (Part 2) Flashcards
Resistant to chloroform; relatively stable
Survive for long periods in environment
DH type 1
Vertical transmission
DH type 1
Onset of signs and spread very rapidly
All MT occuring in 3-4 days
DH type 1
-Affected ducklings squat down w/ partially closed eyes
-Fall on their sides; kicks
DH type 1
Pale and swollen liver and kidneys, swollen and mottled spleen
DH type 1
Microscopic:
-Massive liver cell necrosis
-Bile duct hyperplasia
-Subcutaneous edema
DH type 1
Diagnosis: Hemorrhagic lesions are pathognomonic
DH type 1
Diagnosis DH type 1
-Hx: sudden onset, rapid spread, acute course
-Lx: in liver of birds up to 3 weeks
-Hemorrhagic lesions anre pathognomonic
-FAT
-Serology: virus neutralization test, agar gel diffusion precipitation test, ELISA
Differential diagnosis for DH type 1
Salmonellosis
Aflatoxicosis
DH type 1 tx and prevention
-Passive immunization by injection w/ immune serum (from immune birds)/ yolk from eggs produced by hyper immune birds
DH type 1 control and prevention
Strict isolation: avoid contact w/ free flying waterfowl or introduction of infected waterfowl
DH type 1 control and prevention
- Depopulation, sanitization, disinfection of premises
- Direct active immunization of duckling w/ live avirulent strains of DHV type 1
- Vaccination of breeders: 2-3 doses at least 6 weeks apart
DH type 2 etiologic agent
Duck astrovirus type 1 (NN)
Affect only ducks kept on open field
DH type 2
Reported outbreaks in England until mid 1980s
DH type 2
Infection occurs through oral, cloacal, SC routes
DH type 2
Death in1-4 days, usually within 1-2 hours after onset of clinical signs
DH type 2
Survivors are immune to re-infection
DH type 2
MT: 10-50%
DH type 2
-Polydipsia w/ loose droppings
-Excessive urate excretion
-Convulsions, opisthotonus
DH type 2
Particles has an astrovirus-like morphology
DH type 2
Diagnosis for DH type 2
-Electron microscopy of liver hemorrhages
- Virus is difficult to isolate
Less severe that DH type 1
DH type 3
MT: >30%
DH type 3
Known to have occured only in US
DH type 3
Signs similar to DH type 1
DH type 3
Diagnosis for DH type 3
Fat
Serum neutralization test
Vaccination schedule for DH type 3
Weeks: 16, 20, 24
Administration: SC
Duck virus enteritis etiologic agent
Alphaherpesvirus
Acute contagious herpervirus infection of duck, geese, swans
Duck virus entritis
Duck herpes virus incubation period
3-7 days
-Death within 1-5 days after onset of clinical signs
-Sudden high persistent flock mortality in breeder flocks
Duck virus enteritis
-Mature ducks die in good flesh (rip)
-Prolapse of penis in mature males (sheesh)
Duck virus enteritis
Photophobia (half closed eye), inappetence, extreme thrist
Duck virus enteritis
Droopiness, ataxia, ruffled feathers, nasal discharge, soiled vents, watery diarrhea
Duck virus enteritis
Young ducklings: dehydration, weight loss, blue beaks, conjunctivitis, lacrimation, nasal exudates, blood-stained vent
Duck virus enteritis
-High MB and MT (5-100%)
-Higher MT in ducklings
-Recovered birds are immune
Duck virus enteritis
Postmortem lesions in Duck virus enteritis: Liver (early)
Early: pale copper color with pinpoint hemorrhage and white foci
Postmortem lesions in Duck virus enteritis: Liver (late)
Late: dark bronze or bile stained w/o hemorrhages with larger white foci
Diagnosis for duck virus enteritis
-Gross and histopath lesions
-Isolation and ID of DEV
-PCR assay, latex agglutination test, VN test, ELISA
Differential diagnosis for DHuck virus enteritis
-Duck hepatitis
-Fowl cholera
-Coccidiosis
-Specific intoxicatoins
Young geese disease
Hemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese
Late form of Derzy’s disease
Hemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese
Goose polyomavirus
Hemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese
Etiologic agent for hemorrhagic enteritis and nephritis of geese
Goose Hemorrhagic Polyomavirus (GHPV)
Currently one of the greatest challenges of geese farms in
France (due to fois gras)
Hemorrhagic Nephritis and Enteritis of Geese
Hemorrhagic Nephritis and Enteritis of Geese transmission
Vertical transmission
Hemorrhagic Nephritis and Enteritis of Geese chronic form
-Urate deposits on viscera and joints leading to = lameness
-MT limited to few birds everyday up to 12 weeks
Hemorrhagic Nephritis and Enteritis of Geese chronic form: incubation period
Incubation period: age dependent
Day old goslings = 6-8 days
3 weeks old goslings = up to 15 days
> 4 weeks old goslings = nonclinical carrier form
Hemorrhagic Nephritis and Enteritis of Geese diagnosis
Isolation and ID of virus
Hemorrhagic Nephritis and Enteritis of Geese differential diagnosis
Differentiate Lx from those of goose parvovirus thru histopathological, virological or serological procedures
Hemorrhagic Nephritis and Enteritis of Geese tx and prevention
-No effective treatment
-Prevention thru disinfection and sanitation procedures
-Prevention of stress (sanaol madi)
-Vaccines under trial
Derzy’s disease
Goose parvovirus
-Good influenza
-Goose/gosling plague
-Goose hepatitis
-Goose enteritis
-Infectious myocarditis
-Asctic hepatonephritis
Goose parvovirus
Goose parvovirus etiologic agent
Goose Hemorrhagic Polyomavirus (GHPV)
Family Parvoviridae
Goose Hemorrhagic Polyomavirus (GHPV)
Affects geese and Muscovy ducks
Goose parvovirus
-Highly contagious disease of young geese and muscovy ducks
-Agent is closely related to human dependovirus
Goose parvovirus
-No antigenic relationship with chicks or mammalian
parvoviruses
-Age depedent
Goose parvovirus
Goose parvovirus mortality
-100% MT in <1 week goslings
Negligible losses in 4-5 week old birds
Goose parvovirus
-No signs in older geese
-Incubation period: 5-10 days
Goose parvovirus
<1 week old gosling:
nasal and ocular discharge (epiphora), red and swollen uropygial glands (water resistance in feathers) and eyes, profuse white diarrhea
Goose parvovirus
accumulation of ascetic fluid in abdomen causes birds to have a “penguin-like” posture
Chronic form of Goose parvovirus
Pale myocardium, rounded apex (heart)
Goose parvovirus post mortem lesion
Goose parvo virus diagnosis
-Isolation and ID of virus
-Detection of viral antigen
-Electron microscopy (EM)
-Molecular ID: PCR
-Serology: VN, AGPT, ELISA
Goose parvovirus differential diagnosis
-Duck virus enteritis
-Duck hepatitis virus
-Hemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese
-Pasteurella anatipestifer and P. multocida
Goose parvovirus treatment and prevention
Thru disinfection and sanitation procedures
